Breaking habits or breaking habitual behaviours? Old habits as a neglected factor in weight loss maintenance.
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Authors
Gardner, Benjamin
Lally, Phillippa
Rebar, Amanda
Thwaite, Tanya
Beeken, Rebecca J
Publication Date
2021-07-01Journal Title
Appetite
ISSN
0195-6663
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Volume
162
Number
ARTN 105183
Pages
105183
Type
Article
This Version
AM
Physical Medium
Print-Electronic
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Gardner, B., Richards, R., Lally, P., Rebar, A., Thwaite, T., & Beeken, R. J. (2021). Breaking habits or breaking habitual behaviours? Old habits as a neglected factor in weight loss maintenance.. Appetite, 162 (ARTN 105183), 105183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105183
Abstract
Maintaining weight loss requires long-term behaviour change. Theory and evidence around habitual behaviour - i.e., action triggered by impulses that are automatically activated upon exposure to cues, due to learned cue-action associations - can aid development of interventions to support weight loss maintenance. Specifically, weight loss is more likely to be sustained where people develop new habits that support weight management, and break old habits that may undermine such efforts. Interventions seeking to break 'bad' weight-related habits have focused on inhibiting unwanted impulses or avoiding cues. This paper draws attention to the possibility that while such approaches may discontinue habitual behaviour, underlying habit associations may remain. We use evidence from existing qualitative studies to demonstrate that, left unchecked, unwanted habit associations can render people prone to lapsing into old patterns of unhealthy behaviours when motivation or willpower is momentarily weakened, or when returning to familiar settings following temporarily discontinued exposure. We highlight six behaviour change techniques especially suited to disrupting habit associations, but show that these techniques have been underused in weight loss maintenance interventions to date. We call for intervention developers and practitioners to adopt techniques conducive to forming new habit associations to directly override old habits, and to use the persistence of unwanted habit associations as a potential indicator of long-term weight loss intervention effectiveness.
Keywords
Behavioural science, Habit, Intervention, Obesity, Weight maintenance, Behavior Therapy, Cues, Habits, Humans, Motivation, Weight Loss
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105183
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/334524
Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Licence URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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