Amyloid-β peptide 37, 38 and 40 individually and cooperatively inhibit amyloid-β 42 aggregation.
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Publication Date
2022-02-23Journal Title
Chem Sci
ISSN
2041-6520
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Volume
13
Issue
8
Pages
2423-2439
Language
eng
Type
Article
This Version
VoR
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Braun, G. A., Dear, A. J., Sanagavarapu, K., Zetterberg, H., & Linse, S. (2022). Amyloid-β peptide 37, 38 and 40 individually and cooperatively inhibit amyloid-β 42 aggregation.. Chem Sci, 13 (8), 2423-2439. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc02990h
Abstract
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease is connected to the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, which in vivo exists as a number of length-variants. Truncations and extensions are found at both the N- and C-termini, relative to the most commonly studied 40- and 42-residue alloforms. Here, we investigate the aggregation of two physiologically abundant alloforms, Aβ37 and Aβ38, as pure peptides and in mixtures with Aβ40 and Aβ42. A variety of molar ratios were applied in quaternary mixtures to investigate whether a certain ratio is maximally inhibiting of the more toxic alloform Aβ42. Through kinetic analysis, we show that both Aβ37 and Aβ38 self-assemble through an autocatalytic secondary nucleation reaction to form fibrillar β-sheet-rich aggregates, albeit on a longer timescale than Aβ40 or Aβ42. Additionally, we show that the shorter alloforms co-aggregate with Aβ40, affecting both the kinetics of aggregation and the resulting fibrillar ultrastructure. In contrast, neither Aβ37 nor Aβ38 forms co-aggregates with Aβ42; however, both short alloforms reduce the rate of Aβ42 aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, we show that the aggregation of Aβ42 is more significantly impeded by a combination of Aβ37, Aβ38, and Aβ40 than by any of these alloforms independently. These results demonstrate that the aggregation of any given Aβ alloform is significantly perturbed by the presence of other alloforms, particularly in heterogeneous mixtures, such as is found in the extracellular fluid of the brain.
Sponsorship
European Research Council (681712)
Identifiers
35310497, PMC8864715
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc02990h
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/336296
Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Licence URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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