Merging of superfluid helium nanodroplets with vortices
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Publication Date
2022-01-01Journal Title
Physical Review B
ISSN
2469-9950
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Volume
105
Issue
2
Number
024511
Type
Article
This Version
VoR
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Escartín, J. M., Ancilotto, F., Barranco, M., & Pi, M. (2022). Merging of superfluid helium nanodroplets with vortices. Physical Review B, 105 (2. 024511) https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.105.024511
Abstract
Within density functional theory, we have investigated the coalescence dynamics of two superfluid helium nanodroplets hosting vortex lines in different relative orientations, which are drawn towards each other by the
Van der Waals mutual attraction. We have found a rich phenomenology depending on how the vortex lines are oriented. In particular, when a vortex and antivortex lines are present in the merging droplets, a dark soliton develops at the droplet contact region, which eventually decays into vortex rings. Reconnection events are observed between the vortex lines or rings, leading to the creation of more vortices. Our simulations show the interplay between vortex creation and reconnections, as well as the effect of the droplet surface which pins the vortex ends and, by reflecting short-wavelength excitations produced by the interactions between vortices, strongly affects the droplet final state. Additional vorticity is nucleated in the proximity of surface indentations produced in the course of the dynamics, which in turn interact with other vortices present in the droplets. These effects, obviously absent in the case of bulk liquid helium, show that the droplet surface may act as a multiplier of vortex reconnections. The analysis of the energy spectrum shows that vortex-antivortex ring annihilation, as well as vortex-antivortex reconnections, yields roton bursts of different intensity.
Sponsorship
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P034616/1)
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.105.024511
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/336385
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