Circulating microRNAs for detecting germ cell tumours: a narrative review.

Abstract

Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) are the most common malignancy among young men. Management of GCTs relies on the serum tumour markers alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase, among other parameters. However, these tumour markers can only be detected at elevated levels in half of GCT patients. Circulating miR-371a-3p has emerged as a blood-based biomarker that can reliably detect macroscopic GCTs, aside from teratoma. In this article, we review the available literature, describe the currently used methodologies to measure circulating miR-371a-3p, and discuss the following clinical scenarios in which miR-371a-3p may impact practice in the future: 1) men with an inconclusive small testicular mass, 2) response monitoring during chemotherapy, 3) post-chemotherapy residual mass, and 4) follow-up after curative intent.