Protease and gag diversity and drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive Mexican people living with HIV.
Authors
Climaco-Arvizu, Samantha
Flores-López, Víctor
González-Torres, Carolina
Gaytán-Cervantes, Francisco Javier
Hernández-García, María Concepción
Zárate-Segura, Paola Berenice
Chávez-Torres, Monserrat
Tesoro-Cruz, Emiliano
Pinto-Cardoso, Sandra María
Bekker-Méndez, Vilma Carolina
Publication Date
2022-05-10Journal Title
BMC Infect Dis
ISSN
1471-2334
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Volume
22
Issue
1
Language
en
Type
Article
This Version
VoR
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Climaco-Arvizu, S., Flores-López, V., González-Torres, C., Gaytán-Cervantes, F. J., Hernández-García, M. C., Zárate-Segura, P. B., Chávez-Torres, M., et al. (2022). Protease and gag diversity and drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive Mexican people living with HIV.. BMC Infect Dis, 22 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07446-8
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, HIV genotyping is performed in people living with HIV (PLWH) failing their first-line antiretroviral (ARV) regimen; it is not routinely done for all treatment-naive PLWH before ARV initiation. The first nationally representative survey published in 2016 reported that the prevalence of pretreatment drug mutations in treatment-naive Mexican PLWH was 15.5% to any antiretroviral drug and 10.6% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) using conventional Sanger sequencing. Most reports in Mexico focus on HIV pol gene and nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI and NNRTI) drug resistance mutations (DRMs) prevalence, using Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS) or both. To our knowledge, NGS has not be used to detect pretreatment drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in the HIV protease (PR) gene and its substrate the Gag polyprotein. METHODS: Treatment-naive adult Mexican PLWH were recruited between 2016 and 2019. HIV Gag and protease sequences were obtained by NGS and DRMs were identified using the WHO surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM) list. RESULTS: One hundred PLWH attending a public national reference hospital were included. The median age was 28 years-old, and most were male. The median HIV viral load was 4.99 [4.39-5.40] log copies/mL and median CD4 cell count was 150 [68.0-355.78] cells/mm3. As expected, most sequences clustered with HIV-1 subtype B (97.9%). Major PI resistance mutations were detected: 8 (8.3%) of 96 patients at a detection threshold of 1% and 3 (3.1%) at a detection threshold of 20%. A total of 1184 mutations in Gag were detected, of which 51 have been associated with resistance to PI, most of them were detected at a threshold of 20%. Follow-up clinical data was available for 79 PLWH at 6 months post-ART initiation, seven PLWH failed their first ART regimen; however no major PI mutations were identified in these individuals at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of DRM in the HIV protease was 7.3% at a detection threshold of 1% and 3.1% at a detection threshold of 20%. NGS-based HIV drug resistance genotyping provide improved detection of DRMs. Viral load was used to monitor ARV response and treatment failure was 8.9%.
Keywords
Research, Human immunodeficiency virus, Antiretroviral therapy, HIV drug resistance mutations, HIV genotyping, Gag, Protease, Next generation sequencing
Sponsorship
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (FIS/IMSS/PROT/PRIO/18/066, FIS/IMSS/PROT/PRIO/18/066)
Instituto Politecnico Nacional (SIP20221517)
Identifiers
s12879-022-07446-8, 7446
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07446-8
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/336984
Rights
Licence:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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