Increased Seroprevalence and Improved Antibody Responses Following Third Primary SARS-CoV-2 Immunisation: An Update From the COV-AD Study.
Authors
Shields, Adrian M
Faustini, Sian E
Hill, Harriet J
Al-Taei, Saly
Tanner, Chloe
Ashford, Fiona
Workman, Sarita
Moreira, Fernando
Verma, Nisha
Wagg, Hollie
Heritage, Gail
Campton, Naomi
Stamataki, Zania
Drayson, Mark T
Klenerman, Paul
Thaventhiran, James ED
Elkhalifa, Shuayb
Goddard, Sarah
Johnston, Sarah
Huissoon, Aarnoud
Bethune, Claire
Elcombe, Suzanne
Lowe, David M
Patel, Smita Y
Savic, Sinisa
Richter, Alex G
Burns, Siobhan O
COV-AD consortium
Publication Date
2022Journal Title
Front Immunol
ISSN
1664-3224
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Volume
13
Language
en
Type
Article
This Version
VoR
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Shields, A. M., Faustini, S. E., Hill, H. J., Al-Taei, S., Tanner, C., Ashford, F., Workman, S., et al. (2022). Increased Seroprevalence and Improved Antibody Responses Following Third Primary SARS-CoV-2 Immunisation: An Update From the COV-AD Study.. Front Immunol, 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.912571
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with primary and secondary antibody deficiency are vulnerable to COVID-19 and demonstrate diminished responses following two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine schedules. Third primary vaccinations have been deployed to enhance their humoral and cellular immunity. OBJECTIVES: To determine the immunogenicity of the third primary SARS-CoV-2 immunisation in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with antibody deficiency. METHODS: Participants enrolled in the COV-AD study were sampled before and after their third vaccine dose. Serological and cellular responses were determined using ELISA, live-virus neutralisation and ELISPOT assays. RESULTS: Following a two-dose schedule, 100% of healthy controls mounted a serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, however, 38.6% of individuals with antibody deficiency remained seronegative. A third primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine significantly increased anti-spike glycoprotein antibody seroprevalence from 61.4% to 76.0%, the magnitude of the antibody response, its neutralising capacity and induced seroconversion in individuals who were seronegative after two vaccine doses. Vaccine-induced serological responses were broadly cross-reactive against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant of concern, however, seroprevalence and antibody levels remained significantly lower than healthy controls. No differences in serological responses were observed between individuals who received AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Pfizer BioNTech 162b2 during their initial two-dose vaccine schedule. SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive participants who had received a heterologous vaccine as a third dose were significantly more likely to have a detectable T cell response following their third vaccine dose (61.5% vs 11.1%). CONCLUSION: These data support the widespread use of third primary immunisations to enhance humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with antibody deficiency.
Keywords
COVID-19, CVID, SARS-CoV-2, inborn errors of immunity, primary immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency, vaccination, Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Formation, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Vaccination, Viral Vaccines
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.912571
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/338147
Rights
Licence:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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