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The History of School in Yisun Tolgoi


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Authors

Bulag, Uradyn E. 
Fuerwa, Dorjraa 

Abstract

This video explores the life story of Tserei and delves into the recent history of education in Hobogsair. Born in 1957, Tserei is a descendant of the Önischin family, affiliated with the Wang Banner of Hobogsair. In his earlier years, Tserei was part of the communist artistic group (Ulaan Möchir), where he engaged in singing and dancing to show communist arts to the public. In 1978, he transitioned to become a teacher in a primary school located in Gurvn Gashuun. With the advent of the socialist commune Hobogsair in 1957, the Khöndelen School was established in 1958 at a site known as Gazar Tebhi, situated alongside the Hovgin Gol. The following year, as the commune undertook agricultural endeavours in the southernmost region of Hobogsair, the school relocated with the commune to Khöndlen, now transformed into a farming village. Despite the prevalence of communes where people worked collectively, and children attended school, the pastoral school system did not completely close until the official rural school system was established around the 1980s. The initial iteration of Yisun Tolgoi Surguuli (Nine Hills School) was a “mobile school”, wherein teachers traversed pasturelands to visit children, delivering one or two hours of instruction before moving on to the next family. They would return several days later to check on homework. By 1973, the mobile school partially settled in Gurvn Gashuun, one of the winter pastures of Yisun Tolgoi. At that time, herders still struggled to send their children to school for extended periods. Consequently, the mobile school continued for several more years until it relocated to Yisun Khar Tolgai in 1981. Operating for nearly two decades, the school eventually merged with other schools in the county centre of Hobogsair in 2002. This initiative aimed to unite all rural regional schools at the county centre to share advanced infrastructures and teaching resources. In 1983, the mobile school boasted a team of about a dozen teachers, including such as Tseren, Bekheish, Baajin Gombjav, Togtah, Buyantai, Batnasuni Buuva, with Batkhishig serving as the head of the school. At Yisun Tolgai, the school recruited young teachers with basic literacy skills its reach. These teachers, having gained several years of teaching experience, underwent further training at the Normal College Centre in Hobogsair, transforming into professional educators. When we initially occupied the school in Yisun Khar, we had six students. Four years later, the number had grown to about 150. Unfortunately, due to the remote location and delayed construction of electricity and heating systems, students were unable to study sufficiently, especially during the winter season. As a result, herders began sending their children directly to Hobogsair county centre or Hoshotolgai town. Consequently, the number of students sharply decreased, leaving only 40–50 in 2000 when the school was on the brink of closing, and in September 2002, it received the official termination letter, leading to the direct retirement of elder teachers and the transfer of younger ones to other schools, where they either assumed logistics roles or left their jobs. The Hoshtolgai commune was also established during the commune period, consisting of three working teams. Shaajgat formed the first working team, herders comprised the second working team, and Hoshtolgai constituted the third working team. In subsequent years, when another administrative change occurred in China, Shaajgat gained independence as a Xiang (town). Hoshotolgai, on the other hand, became a sub-county level town and remained its two-working team as Shitimt and Weixing or Yisun Tolgoi pasture.

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Keywords

Torghtus, Hobogsair, Education, School, Yisun Tolgai, Khöndelen School, Socialist Commune, History

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Publisher

Kalmyk Cultural Heritage Documentation Project, University of Cambridge

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Sponsorship
Sponsored by Arcadia Fund, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.