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Historical Events During Maam Noyan’s Era


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Authors

Bulag, Uradyn E. 
Fuerwa, Dorjraa 

Abstract

Historical events during Maam Noyan’s era had a profound impact on Hobogsair, marked by three significant occurrences. The first pivotal event was the loss of land. Maam Noyan frequently journeyed to the Russian border at Jimnai, engaging in the exchange of goods. During one encounter, Tsarist Russians expressed interest in territory on the northwest side of Hobogsair, and Maam Noyan, without much deliberation, agreed to cede the land represented by an ox skin. The Russians, however, converted the ox skin into a lengthy string, measuring an extensive stretch of land from northwest border to the Tabhi Mountain near Bayanöndör. The second significant development involved the settlement of Kazakhs in Hobogsair. During the socialist revolution in Tsarist Russia, many Kazakhs fled to Hobogsair during Maam Noyan’s leadership. Despite dissent, Maam Noyan permitted their settlement. Subsequently, a Russian delegation arrived to reclaim the escaped Kazakhs, but Maam Noyan, opposed their request, claiming that they would serve as herders for the Torghuts in Hobogsair. In 1963, these Kazakhs indeed caused problems for Hobogsair in 1963 during the Chinese socialist Great Leap Forward movement, attempting to flee to Russia again. Urtnasun, the Communist Party secretary of Hobogsair at that time, intervened by forcefully relocating them to Bayanoboo from the border to prevent their migration. The third incident centred on Kazakh plunderers from Altai. In order to alleviate the hostility, Maam Noyan sought his brother’s advice, Shaliwan Gegen, and received a suggestion to steal the beloved horse and eagle of Kazakh Aliya Noyan. Maam Noyan enlisted Oudai, a notorious livestock thief from Hobogsair, to carry out the plan, and he successfully fulfilled his mission. Aliya Noyan immediately discovered the theft as originating from Hobogsair and personally journeyed there to reclaim his properties, striking a deal to return all plundered livestock. This fostered a temporary peaceful relationship. However, Maam Noyan’s decisions on the western side of Hobogsair, on the other hand, have had enduring consequences to this day, specifically regarding the pastureland lost to Tsarist Russians.

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Keywords

Maam Noyan, Bayanöndör, Kazakh, Aliya Noyan

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Publisher

Kalmyk Cultural Heritage Documentation Project, University of Cambridge

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Sponsorship
Sponsored by Arcadia Fund, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.