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Virus-Induced Maternal Immune Activation as an Environmental Factor in the Etiology of Autism and Schizophrenia.

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cam.issuedOnline2022-04-12
cam.oa.sapoa_rrs_na
dc.contributor.authorMassrali, Aïcha
dc.contributor.authorAdhya, Dwaipayan
dc.contributor.authorSrivastava, Deepak P
dc.contributor.authorBaron-Cohen, Simon
dc.contributor.authorKotter, Mark R
dc.contributor.orcidBaron-Cohen, Simon [0000-0001-9217-2544]
dc.contributor.orcidKotter, Mark [0000-0001-5145-7199]
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-29T19:44:08Z
dc.date.available2022-06-29T19:44:08Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.submitted2021-12-12
dc.date.updated2022-06-29T19:44:08Z
dc.description.abstractMaternal immune activation (MIA) is mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways resulting in increased levels of cytokines and chemokines that cross the placental and blood-brain barriers altering fetal neural development. Maternal viral infection is one of the most well-known causes for immune activation in pregnant women. MIA and immune abnormalities are key players in the etiology of developmental conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, ADHD, and depression. Experimental evidence implicating MIA in with different effects in the offspring is complex. For decades, scientists have relied on either MIA models or human epidemiological data or a combination of both. MIA models are generated using infection/pathogenic agents to induce an immunological reaction in rodents and monitor the effects. Human epidemiological studies investigate a link between maternal infection and/or high levels of cytokines in pregnant mothers and the likelihood of developing conditions. In this review, we discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between virus-mediated MIA and neurodevelopmental conditions, focusing on autism and schizophrenia. We further discuss the different methods of studying MIA and their limitations and focus on the different factors contributing to MIA heterogeneity.
dc.description.sponsorshipSBC received funding from the Wellcome Trust 214322\Z\18\Z. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The results leading to this publication have received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 777394 for the project AIMS-2-TRIALS. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica, SFARI. SBC also received funding from the Autism Centre of Excellence, SFARI, the Templeton World Charitable Fund, the MRC, and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. The research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East of England. Any views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the funder.
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.85884
dc.identifier.eissn1662-453X
dc.identifier.issn1662-4548
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/338471
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherFrontiers Media SA
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.834058
dc.subjectLPS
dc.subjectPoly(I:C)
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectautism
dc.subjectautism spectrum conditions
dc.subjectmaternal immune activation (MIA)
dc.subjectschizophrenia
dc.titleVirus-Induced Maternal Immune Activation as an Environmental Factor in the Etiology of Autism and Schizophrenia.
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2022-03-01
prism.publicationNameFront Neurosci
prism.volume16
pubs.funder-project-idWellcome Trust (214322/Z/18/Z)
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rioxxterms.versionVoR
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.3389/fnins.2022.834058

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