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Geographical and behavioral risks associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection in an area of complex transmission.

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cam.issuedOnline2018-08-25
dc.contributor.authorAngelo, Teckla
dc.contributor.authorBuza, Joram
dc.contributor.authorKinung'hi, Safari Methusela
dc.contributor.authorKariuki, Henry Curtis
dc.contributor.authorMwanga, Joseph Rogathe
dc.contributor.authorMunisi, David Zadock
dc.contributor.authorWilson, Shona
dc.contributor.orcidWilson, Shona [0000-0001-5725-4376]
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-23T00:33:09Z
dc.date.available2018-11-23T00:33:09Z
dc.date.issued2018-08-25
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Schistosoma haematobium infection in endemic areas varies depending on the nature and complexity of the transmission networks present. Studies of micro-geographical transmission of S. haematobium infection indicate that discrepancy in prevalence between households is associated with diverse water contact behaviors and transmission that is restricted to particular sites harboring snail intermediate hosts. Detection of variations in the transmission sources with complex transmission networks of water bodies is required for optimization of malacological control. Longitudinal parasitological and malacological surveys were conducted to investigate geographical variations in transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in Ikingwamanoti village, Shinyanga District, Tanzania. METHODS: Urine samples were collected at baseline and follow-up time points from 282 school-aged children and examined microscopically for the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Malacological surveys involved collection of Bulinus nasutus every month from 30 sites. Snails were examined for patent infections. Global positioning system was used to map household distances from S. haematobium transmission sites, while water contact behavior was assessed using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Schistosoma haematobium infection was observed to be prevalent among older children (12-14 years) compared to younger groups prior to treatment, but no significant difference in infection prevalence was observed at one-year. Boys were highly infected than girls at both time points. No spatial influence was observed between children's infection and the distance from child's residence to the nearby snail habitats nor was any significant association observed between children's reported water contact behavior with S. haematobium infection. However, malacological surveys with cercarial shedding combined with GPS data detected significant variation among different water sources in the transmission of S. haematobium with children living in households near to ponds with high B. nasutus populations having the highest prevalence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Interaction between malacological surveys with cercarial shedding combined with GPS mapping in endemic settings can help detection of transmission sources even in areas with complex transmission networks. Subsequent studies are needed to determine whether the combination of GPS mapping and parasitology screens can aid the detection of transmission hotspots across varied transmission settings to enhance schistosomiasis control programmes.
dc.format.mediumElectronic
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.33191
dc.identifier.eissn1756-3305
dc.identifier.issn1756-3305
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285847
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3064-5
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGPS
dc.subjectMalacological surveys
dc.subjectUrogenital schistosomiasis
dc.subjectWater contact behavior
dc.subjectAdolescent
dc.subjectAge Factors
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectBulinus
dc.subjectCercaria
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectEcosystem
dc.subjectFamily Characteristics
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectGeographic Information Systems
dc.subjectGeography
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectParasite Egg Count
dc.subjectPonds
dc.subjectPrevalence
dc.subjectRisk Factors
dc.subjectSchistosoma haematobium
dc.subjectSchistosomiasis haematobia
dc.subjectSex Factors
dc.subjectSurveys and Questionnaires
dc.subjectTanzania
dc.subjectWater
dc.titleGeographical and behavioral risks associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection in an area of complex transmission.
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-08-15
prism.issueIdentifier1
prism.publicationDate2018
prism.publicationNameParasit Vectors
prism.startingPage481
prism.volume11
pubs.funder-project-idRoyal Society (AA130107)
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2018-08-25
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
rioxxterms.versionVoR
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1186/s13071-018-3064-5

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