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Conjugating uncoupler compounds with hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains to achieve adipose tissue selective drug accumulation.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Repository DOI


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Authors

Ng, Mei Ying 
Song, Zhi Jian 
Venkatesan, Gopalakrishnan 
Rodriguez-Cuenca, Sergio 
West, James A 

Abstract

One potential approach for treating obesity is to increase energy expenditure in brown and white adipose tissue. Here we aimed to achieve this outcome by targeting mitochondrial uncoupler compounds selectively to adipose tissue, thus avoiding side effects from uncoupling in other tissues. Selective drug accumulation in adipose tissue has been observed with many lipophilic compounds and dyes. Hence, we explored the feasibility of conjugating uncoupler compounds with a lipophilic C8-hydrocarbon chain via an ether bond. We found that substituting the trifluoromethoxy group in the uncoupler FCCP with a C8-hydrocarbon chain resulted in potent uncoupling activity. Nonetheless, the compound did not elicit therapeutic effects in mice, likely as a consequence of metabolic instability resulting from rapid ether bond cleavage. A lipophilic analog of the uncoupler compound 2,6-dinitrophenol, in which a C8-hydrocarbon chain was conjugated via an ether bond in the para-position (2,6-dinitro-4-(octyloxy)phenol), exhibited increased uncoupling activity compared to the parent compound. However, in vivo pharmacokinetics studies suggested that 2,6-dinitro-4-(octyloxy)phenol was also metabolically unstable. In conclusion, conjugation of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain to uncoupler compounds resulted in sustained or improved uncoupling activity. However, an ether bond linkage led to metabolic instability, indicating the need to conjugate lipophilic groups via other chemical bonds.

Description

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Giorgia Pastorin for her helpful advice and support of the project.

Keywords

Mice, Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Adipose Tissue, Obesity, Energy Metabolism, Adipose Tissue, White, Ethers, Phenols, Uncoupling Protein 1

Journal Title

Sci Rep

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2045-2322
2045-2322

Volume Title

14

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
Ministry of Education - Singapore (R-183-000-448-114)