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Clustered photoplethysmogram pulse wave shapes and their associations with clinical data.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Repository DOI


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Authors

Zanelli, Serena 
Eveilleau, Kornelia 
Charlton, Peter H 
Ammi, Mehdi 
Hallab, Magid 

Abstract

Photopletysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive and well known technology that enables the recording of the digital volume pulse (DVP). Although PPG is largely employed in research, several aspects remain unknown. One of these is represented by the lack of information about how many waveform classes best express the variability in shape. In the literature, it is common to classify DVPs into four classes based on the dicrotic notch position. However, when working with real data, labelling waveforms with one of these four classes is no longer straightforward and may be challenging. The correct identification of the DVP shape could enhance the precision and the reliability of the extracted bio markers. In this work we proposed unsupervised machine learning and deep learning approaches to overcome the data labelling limitations. Concretely we performed a K-medoids based clustering that takes as input 1) DVP handcrafted features, 2) similarity matrix computed with the Derivative Dynamic Time Warping and 3) DVP features extracted from a CNN AutoEncoder. All the cited methods have been tested first by imposing four medoids representative of the Dawber classes, and after by automatically searching four clusters. We then searched the optimal number of clusters for each method using silhouette score, the prediction strength and inertia. To validate the proposed approaches we analyse the dissimilarities in the clinical data related to obtained clusters.

Description

Peer reviewed: True

Keywords

PPG, classification, deep learning, machine learning, unsupervised learning, waveform

Journal Title

Front Physiol

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1664-042X
1664-042X

Volume Title

14

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA
Sponsorship
British Heart Foundation (FS/20/20/34626)