Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution.


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Authors
Justice, Anne E 
Karaderi, Tugce 
Highland, Heather M 
Graff, Mariaelisa 
Abstract

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF <5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.

Description
Keywords
Animals, Body Fat Distribution, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Drosophila, Exome, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Homeostasis, Humans, Lipids, Male, Proteins, Risk Factors, Waist-Hip Ratio
Journal Title
Nat Genet
Conference Name
Journal ISSN
1061-4036
1546-1718
Volume Title
51
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
Cancer Research UK (16565)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/1)
European Commission (37197)
Department of Health (via National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)) (NF-SI-0617-10149)
British Heart Foundation (None)
British Heart Foundation (None)
Medical Research Council (MR/S003746/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/2)