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Active Terahertz Modulator and Slow Light Metamaterial Devices with Hybrid Graphene-Superconductor Photonic Integrated Circuits.

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cam.issuedOnline2021-11-08
dc.contributor.authorKalhor, Samane
dc.contributor.authorKindness, Stephen J
dc.contributor.authorWallis, Robert
dc.contributor.authorBeere, Harvey E
dc.contributor.authorGhanaatshoar, Majid
dc.contributor.authorDegl'Innocenti, Riccardo
dc.contributor.authorKelly, Michael J
dc.contributor.authorHofmann, Stephan
dc.contributor.authorJoyce, Hannah J
dc.contributor.authorRitchie, David A
dc.contributor.authorDelfanazari, Kaveh
dc.contributor.orcidGhanaatshoar, Majid [0000-0003-4614-1549]
dc.contributor.orcidDegl'Innocenti, Riccardo [0000-0003-2655-1997]
dc.contributor.orcidJoyce, Hannah J [0000-0002-9737-680X]
dc.contributor.orcidDelfanazari, Kaveh [0000-0002-1386-3855]
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-10T12:44:36Z
dc.date.available2022-01-10T12:44:36Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-08
dc.date.updated2022-01-10T12:44:35Z
dc.description.abstractMetamaterial photonic integrated circuits with arrays of hybrid graphene-superconductor coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) capable of modulating and slowing down terahertz (THz) light are introduced and proposed. The hybrid device's optical responses, such as electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) and group delay, can be modulated in several ways. First, it is modulated electrically by changing the conductivity and carrier concentrations in graphene. Alternatively, the optical response can be modified by acting on the device temperature sensitivity by switching Nb from a lossy normal phase to a low-loss quantum mechanical phase below the transition temperature (Tc) of Nb. Maximum modulation depths of 57.3% and 97.61% are achieved for EIT and group delay at the THz transmission window, respectively. A comparison is carried out between the Nb-graphene-Nb coupled SRR-based devices with those of Au-graphene-Au SRRs, and significant enhancements of the THz transmission, group delay, and EIT responses are observed when Nb is in the quantum mechanical phase. Such hybrid devices with their reasonably large and tunable slow light bandwidth pave the way for the realization of active optoelectronic modulators, filters, phase shifters, and slow light devices for applications in chip-scale future communication and computation systems.
dc.identifier.citationNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), volume 11, issue 11
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.79921
dc.identifier.eissn2079-4991
dc.identifier.issn2079-4991
dc.identifier.otherPMC8619956
dc.identifier.other34835762
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/332471
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112999
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceessn: 2079-4991
dc.sourcenlmid: 101610216
dc.subjectelectromagnetic induced transparency
dc.subjectgraphene
dc.subjecthybrid photonic integrated circuits
dc.subjectslow light devices
dc.subjectsuperconductors
dc.subjectterahertz electronics
dc.subjectterahertz photonics
dc.titleActive Terahertz Modulator and Slow Light Metamaterial Devices with Hybrid Graphene-Superconductor Photonic Integrated Circuits.
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-11-01
prism.publicationNameNanomaterials (Basel)
pubs.funder-project-idEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P005152/1)
pubs.funder-project-idEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/S019324/1)
pubs.funder-project-idEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P021859/1)
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rioxxterms.versionVoR
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.3390/nano11112999

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