Relativism and Religion: Why Democratic Societies Do Not Need Moral Absolutes
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This book is really two in one. Its stated aim is to defend moral relativism from the attack, leveled notably by leaders in the Catholic Church, that democracy requires moral absolutes as backstop and guarantee if it is to avoid destroying itself. But in making this case, the book also makes a significant and timely contribution to contemporary democratic theory by re‐introducing Hans Kelsen's distinctive view of democracy as the appropriate political response to relativism. Both moves are successful, but it is perhaps the latter that will be of widest interest, suggesting as it does a new perspective on important ongoing debates over issues of democratic founding and the possibility of self‐limiting democratic constitutions, as well as over the appropriate place of religious argument in democratic politics. Anglophone treatments of Kelsen have long focused disproportionately on his legal theory, to the neglect of his direct treatments of democracy, and the issues raised by reconsidering the latter have only become more pressing in light of recent political developments, raising again questions familiar from Kelsen's day concerning the nature of democracy in eras in which consensus on any moral and political certainties appears hard to come by.
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1467-8675