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The influence of acoustic startle probes on fear learning in humans.

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cam.issuedOnline2018-09-28
dc.contributor.authorde Haan, Michelle IC
dc.contributor.authorvan Well, Sonja
dc.contributor.authorVisser, Renée M
dc.contributor.authorScholte, H Steven
dc.contributor.authorvan Wingen, Guido A
dc.contributor.authorKindt, Merel
dc.contributor.orcidVisser, Renee [0000-0003-0376-8165]
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-12T00:31:57Z
dc.date.available2019-01-12T00:31:57Z
dc.date.issued2018-09-28
dc.description.abstractEven though human fear-conditioning involves affective learning as well as expectancy learning, most studies assess only one of the two distinct processes. Commonly used read-outs of associative fear learning are the fear-potentiated startle reflex (FPS), pupil dilation and US-expectancy ratings. FPS is thought to reflect the affective aspect of fear learning, while pupil dilation reflects a general arousal response. However, in order to measure FPS, aversively loud acoustic probes are presented during conditioning, which might in itself exert an effect on fear learning. Here we tested the effect of startle probes on fear learning by comparing brain activation (fMRI), pupil dilation and US-expectancy ratings with and without acoustic startle probes within subjects. Regardless of startle probes, fear conditioning resulted in enhanced dACC, insula and ventral striatum activation. Interaction analyses showed that startle probes diminished differential pupil dilation between CS+ and CS- due to increased pupil responses to CS-. A trend significant interaction effect was observed for US-expectancy and amygdala activation. Startle probes affect differential fear learning by impeding safety learning, as measured with pupil dilation, a read-out of the cognitive component of fear learning. However, we observed no significant effect of acoustic startle probes on other measures of fear learning.
dc.format.mediumElectronic
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.35231
dc.identifier.eissn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287918
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32646-1
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectBrain
dc.subjectConditioning, Classical
dc.subjectFear
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectLearning
dc.subjectMagnetic Resonance Imaging
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectPupil
dc.subjectReflex, Startle
dc.subjectYoung Adult
dc.titleThe influence of acoustic startle probes on fear learning in humans.
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-09-07
prism.issueIdentifier1
prism.publicationDate2018
prism.publicationNameSci Rep
prism.startingPage14552
prism.volume8
pubs.funder-project-idEuropean Commission Horizon 2020 (H2020) Marie Sk?odowska-Curie actions (705641)
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2018-09-28
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
rioxxterms.versionVoR
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1038/s41598-018-32646-1

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