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Sim-D: A SIMD Accelerator for Hard Real-Time Systems

cam.issuedOnline2021-03-08
cam.orpheus.counter1
cam.orpheus.successMon Mar 15 07:30:30 GMT 2021 - Embargo updated
dc.contributor.authorSpliet, R
dc.contributor.authorMullins, RD
dc.contributor.orcidSpliet, R [0000-0003-2373-1087]
dc.contributor.orcidMullins, RD [0000-0002-8393-2748]
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-05T00:30:48Z
dc.date.available2021-03-05T00:30:48Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractEmerging safety-critical systems require high-performance data-parallel architectures and, problematically, ones that can guarantee tight and safe worst-case execution times. Given the complexity of existing architectures like GPUs, it is unlikely that sufficiently accurate models and algorithms for timing analysis will emerge in the foreseeable future. This motivates our work on Sim-D, a clean-slate approach to designing a real-time data-parallel architecture. Sim-D enforces a predictable execution model by isolating compute- and access resources in hardware. The DRAM controller uninterruptedly transfers tiles of data, requested by entire work-groups. This permits work-groups to be executed as a sequence of deterministic access- and compute phases, scheduling phases from up to two work-groups in parallel. Evaluation using a cycle-accurate timing model shows that Sim-D can achieve performance on par with an embedded-grade NVIDIA TK1 GPU under two conditions: applications refrain from using indirect DRAM transfers into large buffers, and Sim-D’s scratchpads provide sufficient bandwidth. Sim-D’s design facilitates derivation of safe WCET bounds that are tight within 12.7% on average, at an additional average performance penalty of ~9.2% caused by scheduling restrictions on phases.
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.65540
dc.identifier.eissn1557-9956
dc.identifier.issn0018-9340
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/318427
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3064290
dc.rightsAll rights reserved
dc.subjectReal-time and embedded systems
dc.subjectparallel architectures
dc.titleSim-D: A SIMD Accelerator for Hard Real-Time Systems
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-02-28
prism.endingPage1
prism.publicationDate2021
prism.publicationNameIEEE Transactions on Computers
prism.startingPage1
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2021
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
rioxxterms.versionAM
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1109/TC.2021.3064290

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