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Confidence Is the Bridge between Multi-stage Decisions

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

van den Berg, R 
Zylberberg, A 
Kiani, R 
Shadlen, MN 
Wolpert, DM 

Abstract

Demanding tasks often require a series of decisions to reach a goal. Recent progress in perceptual decision-making has served to unite decision accuracy, speed, and confidence in a common framework of bounded evidence accumulation, furnishing a platform for the study of such multi-stage decisions. In many instances, the strategy applied to each decision, such as the speed-accuracy trade-off, ought to depend on the accuracy of the previous decisions. However, as the accuracy of each decision is often unknown to the decision maker, we hypothesized that subjects may carry forward a level of confidence in previous decisions to affect subsequent decisions. Subjects made two perceptual decisions sequentially and were rewarded only if they made both correctly. The speed and accuracy of individual decisions were explained by noisy evidence accumulation to a terminating bound. We found that subjects adjusted their speed-accuracy setting by elevating the termination bound on the second decision in proportion to their confidence in the first. The findings reveal a novel role for confidence and a degree of flexibility, hitherto unknown, in the brain's ability to rapidly and precisely modify the mechanisms that control the termination of a decision.

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Keywords

confidence, decision bound, decision-making, psychophysics, reaching, sensorimotor control, sequential choice, speed-accuracy trade-off

Journal Title

Current Biology

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0960-9822
1879-0445

Volume Title

26

Publisher

Elsevier (Cell Press)
Sponsorship
Wellcome Trust (097803/Z/11/Z)
We thank the Wellcome Trust, the Human Frontier Science Program, the Royal Society (Noreen Murray Professorship in Neurobiology to D.M.W.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Eye Institute grant EY11378 to M.N.S., a Sloan Research Fellowship to R.K., and Simons Collaboration on the Global Brain grant 323439 to R.K.