Biomolecular condensates with complex architectures via controlled nucleation
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Peer-reviewed
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jats:titleAbstract</jats:title>jats:pThe structure and function of biomolecular condensates are closely related. However, many studies and applications of this relationship are prevented because controlling the mesoscale architecture of condensates can be difficult. Here we introduce a way to create custom multiphase architectures by nucleating new droplets in condensates. This nucleation occurs due to limited diffusion in the dense condensates and a composition change forced upon the system by changing the experimental conditions. The designed architectures are transient states created out of equilibrium. We provide a detailed method for understanding and designing a range of condensate architectures. Access to these long-lived complex architectures will enable researchers to incorporate increasingly sophisticated compartmentalization and functionality in condensates. This general strategy for creating complex structured condensates out of equilibrium may also provide insights into the structure of condensates in cells.</jats:p>
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Acknowledgements: S. Huisman, A. Mason, S. Novosedlik, Y. Sümbelli and T. van Veldhuisen are thanked for (help with) the synthesis of Cm-amylose, Q-amylose, Cm-amylose-Cy3, Q-amylose-Cy5 and the terpolymer. A. H. Nikroo is thanked for providing the GFP and −30GFP proteins. I. van Zundert and T. F. A. de Greef are thanked for producing the DNA–GFP conjugate. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Royall Scholarship (N.A.E.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant MicroREvolution (agreement no. 101023060; T.S.) the Newman Foundation (T.P.J.K. and T.S.), The Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science Gravitation program (024.005.020; J.C.M.v.H.), the Spinoza premium (J.C.M.v.H.) and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the ERC grant DiProPhys (agreement ID 101001615; T.P.J.K.).
Funder: EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions (FP7-PEOPLE - Specific Programme "People" Implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2007 to 2013)); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100011264; Grant(s): 101023060
Funder: Frances and Augustus Newman Foundation; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100007898
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2948-1198
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European Commission Horizon 2020 (H2020) Marie Sk?odowska-Curie actions (101023060)