One high speed camera video recording (.mp4 files) underneath machine's build envelope showing deposition of a single strand relative to the build envelope's etched lines. Each video was filmed with a Chronos 1.4 high-speed camera from Kron Technologies which was positioned at 30 mm focal distance from the subject. The optical axis was carefully positioned underneath the printing direction. An aspect ratio of 1280 x 1024, frame rate of 1069 FPS, with an exposure time of 545 μs were used.

The video recording shows the strand displacement underneath Anet A8 machine’s build envelope relative to the etched rectangle. Deposition was in the negative Y direction. The printing parameters used are shown below.

PLA material, extruder temperature 200 deg, nozzle gap height 0.2 mm, print head velocity 10 mm/s.