Repository logo
 

Rapid sensing of l-leucine by human and murine hypothalamic neurons: Neurochemical and mechanistic insights.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Change log

Authors

Heeley, Nicholas 
Darwish, Tamana 
Arnaud, Marion 
Evans, Mark L 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Dietary proteins are sensed by hypothalamic neurons and strongly influence multiple aspects of metabolic health, including appetite, weight gain, and adiposity. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which hypothalamic neural circuits controlling behavior and metabolism sense protein availability. The aim of this study is to characterize how neurons from the mediobasal hypothalamus respond to a signal of protein availability: the amino acid l-leucine. METHODS: We used primary cultures of post-weaning murine mediobasal hypothalamic neurons, hypothalamic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, and calcium imaging to characterize rapid neuronal responses to physiological changes in extracellular l-Leucine concentration. RESULTS: A neurochemically diverse subset of both mouse and human hypothalamic neurons responded rapidly to l-leucine. Consistent with l-leucine's anorexigenic role, we found that 25% of mouse MBH POMC neurons were activated by l-leucine. 10% of MBH NPY neurons were inhibited by l-leucine, and leucine rapidly reduced AGRP secretion, providing a mechanism for the rapid leucine-induced inhibition of foraging behavior in rodents. Surprisingly, none of the candidate mechanisms previously implicated in hypothalamic leucine sensing (KATP channels, mTORC1 signaling, amino-acid decarboxylation) were involved in the acute activity changes produced by l-leucine. Instead, our data indicate that leucine-induced neuronal activation involves a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel, whereas leucine-induced neuronal inhibition is mediated by inhibition of a store-operated Ca2+ current. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus rapidly respond to physiological changes in extracellular leucine concentration. Leucine can produce both increases and decreases in neuronal Ca2+ concentrations in a neurochemically-diverse group of neurons, including some POMC and NPY/AGRP neurons. Our data reveal that leucine can signal through novel mechanisms to rapidly affect neuronal activity.

Description

Keywords

Calcium imaging, Hypothalamus, Metabolism, Pluripotent, l-leucine sensing, Animals, Calcium, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Hypothalamus, KATP Channels, Leucine, Male, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons, Signal Transduction

Journal Title

Mol Metab

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2212-8778
2212-8778

Volume Title

10

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Wellcome Trust (100574/Z/12/Z)
Wellcome Trust (204845/Z/16/Z)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12012/3)
Wellcome Trust (106262/Z/14/Z)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12012/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12012/5)
Wellcome Trust (105602/Z/14/Z)
Academy of Medical Sciences (Springboard)
MRC (MC_UU_00014/3)
MRC (MC_UU_00014/5)
MRC (MR/P501967/1)
MRC (MR/M501736/1)
Academy of Medical Sciences (SBF001\1016)
Medical Research Council (MC_PC_12012)
Relationships
Is derived from: