In England >15 million people have a longterm condition and there are >5.4 million caregivers. Caregivers provide unpaid care by looking after an ill, older, or disabled family member, friend, or partner. The care provided includes aspects of medicine taking, making caregivers important stakeholders in patients’ adherence to prescribed treatments. We argue that there is a lack of evidence on factors affecting adherence to medications in patients with long-term conditions who are relying on others for medicine taking while living in the community. These patients and their caregivers are often excluded from adherence studies. Clinicians treating nonadherence in these patients therefore lack evidence on which to base their practice.