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Mergen Jonov


Type

Video

Change log

Authors

Bulag, Uradyn E. 
Fuerwa, Dorjraa 

Abstract

Mergen Jonov emerged as a hero in the Volga region, alternativelly known as Ijil Zai in Mongolian, during the Shükhür Daichin Khan’s era. Upon receiving intelligence about an impending attack from another nomadic power, the Torghuts convened their troops and prepared a strategic defence. Not long after, countless soldiers arranged in three rows appeared in distance. The first row rode white and black mixed-coloured horses, the third row exclusively black horses, while the middle row consisted of generals on white horses, with their Khan astride a golden horse. Despite being an ordinary young boy, Mergen Jonov hiked to the top of a mountain where he spotted the attackers from seven sound’s distance - a distance measurement often appears in heroic epics of Oirats. Thinking about their possible reactions, he decided to test his archery skills by aiming at the enemy Khan. His arrow found its mark, piercing the Khan’s right scapula. Observing the troops gathering around their injured leader, Mergen Jonov understood that their march would be delayed for at least seven days. After the attacked Khan had recovered from his injury, he sent a delegation to apologize for his lack of understanding about the capability of Torghuts and their decision to go to war and proposed an alliance. Recognizing the formidable archery skills of the Torghuts, the delegation surmised that the archer must have shot from at least seven sounds’ distance as they searched within a six-sounds’ radius. The delegation offered large amounts of food and gifts in order to achieve their goal. However, they also expressed a desire to see Mergen Jonov’s face, as they hadn’t identified the archer. Following this incident, both Torhgut Khan and their erstwhile enemy agreed to honour Jonov with the prestigious title of Mergen. Mergen Jonov’s renown extended further with an extraordinary hunting feat – capturing a giant Garuda bird from Tibet. Witnessing the Garuda snatching a camel with one talon and devouring it, Mergen Jonov became concerned about the potential threat to life in the Ijil Zai region if the bird continued consuming animals in such a manner. With a blend of curiosity and apprehension, he aimed his bow and arrow at the Garuda’s wings. The wounded Garuda soared higher into the sky, eventually disappearing with Jonov’s arrow. This unexpected miss left Jonov bewildered, as he had never missed a shot before. Long after the event, lamas on pilgrimage to Lhasa relayed the tale to Jonov. They informed him that they had identified his arrow in the dead Garuda in Tibet, recognizing him as the great archer with appreciation, and placed the arrow at the golden roofed monastery’s gate. Given Jonov’s exceptional speed as fast as a bird, he soon reached Lhasa where he was told that the Garuda, nesting in Lhasa’s sandalwoods, regularly flew a month’s distance (sarin Gazar) to seek food, and one of them had been shot by Jonov. The living Buddhas, following their astrological charts, predicted that Jonov had the potential to make contributions to Buddhism, assigning him a mission for the Gelug school (yellow Buddhism), to deliver the head of a hidden Han Chinese lama, who was a rival of the Gelug school. Upon accomplishing the task, he received well-earned recognition and returned to Kalmykia. During the Torghut’s eastward migration from the Volga region to Xinjiang in 1771, both Mergen Jonov and the hero Bardanig Baatar fought valiantly, sacrificing their lives in pursuit of Kazakhs and Tsarist Russians.

Description

Keywords

Mergen Jonov, Torghuts, Volga region, Jungar, Tibet, Buddhism, Russians

Is Part Of

Publisher

Kalmyk Cultural Heritage Documentation Project, University of Cambridge

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Sponsorship
Sponsored by Arcadia Fund, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.