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A bioactive phlebovirus-like envelope protein in a hookworm endogenous virus

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Merchant, monique 
Perez Mata, carlos 
Liu, yangci 
Zhai, haomin 
Protasio, anna 

Abstract

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs), accounting for 15% of our genome, serve as a genetic reservoir from which new genes can emerge. Nematode EVEs are particularly diverse and informative of virus evolution. We identify Atlas virus – an intact retrovirus-like EVE in the human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum, with an envelope protein genetically related to GN-GC glycoproteins from the Phenuiviridae family. A cryo-EM structure of Atlas GC reveals a class II viral membrane fusion protein fold not previously seen in retroviruses. Atlas GC has the structural hallmarks of an active fusogen. Atlas GC trimers insert into membranes with endosomal lipid compositions and low pH. When expressed on the plasma membrane, Atlas GC has cell-cell fusion activity. With its preserved biological activities, Atlas GC has the potential to acquire a cellular function. Our work reveals structural plasticity in reverse-transcribing RNA viruses.

Description

Keywords

Ancylostomatoidea, Animals, Humans, Phlebovirus, RNA Viruses, Viral Envelope Proteins, Viral Fusion Proteins, Virus Internalization

Journal Title

Science Advances

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2375-2548
2375-2548

Volume Title

8

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science
Sponsorship
Wellcome Trust (101908/Z/13/Z)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM102869)
Wellcome Trust (217191/Z/19/Z)