Multicentre study of the role of lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study identified the proportion of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients diagnosed by Lumbar Puncture (LP). Furthermore reporting the incidence of aneurysmal SAH if a CT scan performed within 6 h was reported as negative, and finally investigated if there has been a change in practice since the new NICE guidance for the diagnosis of SAH was published in November 2022.MethodsA pragmatic multicentre audit was conducted in the UK and Ireland capturing referrals to 25 Neurosurgical centres between 1st November 2020-31st October 2023. Case referral identification was done in each unit using local medical records and referral databases based on local protocols.Results10,187 cases of spontaneous SAH were diagnosed within the study period: 9,357 were diagnosed by CT and 717 by LP. 7% of all confirmed SAH cases underwent lumbar punctures to return a diagnosis of spontaneous SAH when a CT head scan was non-diagnostic. This yielded 213 (3%) diagnoses of aneurysmal SAH. 55 cases(1%) of aneurysmal SAH initially had negative CT head scans within 6 h of ictus and a positive LP. We did not identify any evidence of a change in practice following the introduction of the NICE guidance in November 2022.ConclusionThis study shows that LP continues to be an important diagnostic test that will confirm a diagnosis of aneurysmal SAH in a small, but significant number of patients with thunderclap headache. We provide new data that may impact the current NICE guidelines on the diagnosis of SAH.