Age-associated defect in ADCC response to COVID-19 vaccine
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We investigated age-associated effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in elderly individuals (n = 50, mean age 79) after six SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. While neutralization titers remained comparable across age groups, Fc-mediated effector functions declined with age. Individuals >80 demonstrated reduced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), via a surrogate ADCC-signaling assay, correlating with diminished IgG1 binding. These findings highlight age-related impairments in Fc-mediated responses, with implications for immune protection and vaccine strategies in older populations.
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Acknowledgements: We would like to thank all the study participants for their time and commitment to this research. We also would like to thank and acknowledge the efforts of the clinical and laboratory teams at the University of Cambridge for their assistance in participant recruitment, sample collection, and processing. B.L.S. is funded by the Oxford-Cambridge National Institute of Health (NIH) Scholarship. Figures 1b and 3a were generated in BioRender. Finally, we thank our colleagues in the broader scientific and medical community for their continued support and efforts in advancing our understanding of vaccine-induced immunity and age-related immune responses. This work was made possible through a Wellcome Senior Fellowship to RKG (WT108082AIA) and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203312). B.L.S. is funded by the Oxford-Cambridge National Institute of Health (NIH) Scholarship.
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