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Ocular manifestations of emerging viral diseases.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are an increasing threat to public health on a global scale. In recent times, the most prominent outbreaks have constituted RNA viruses, spreading via droplets (COVID-19 and Influenza A H1N1), directly between humans (Ebola and Marburg), via arthropod vectors (Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo) and zoonotically (Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift Valley fever, Hantaviruses). However, specific approved antiviral therapies and vaccine availability are scarce, and public health measures remain critical. Patients can present with a spectrum of ocular manifestations. Emerging infectious diseases should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients inhabiting or returning from endemic territories, and more general vigilance is advisable in the context of a global pandemic. Eye specialists are in a position to facilitate swift diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes, and contribute to wider public health efforts during outbreaks. This article reviews those emerging viral diseases associated with reports of ocular manifestations and summarizes details pertinent to practicing eye specialists.

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Keywords

Animals, Arthropod Vectors, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Outbreaks, Eye Infections, Viral, Humans, RNA Viruses, Viral Zoonoses, Virus Diseases

Journal Title

Eye (Lond)

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0950-222X
1476-5454

Volume Title

35

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC