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Viral Fitness Determines the Magnitude of Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Reprograming of Defense Responses in Plants.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Corrêa, Régis L 
Sanz-Carbonell, Alejandro 
Kogej, Zala 
Müller, Sebastian Y 
Ambrós, Silvia 

Abstract

Although epigenetic factors may influence the expression of defense genes in plants, their role in antiviral responses and the impact of viral adaptation and evolution in shaping these interactions are still poorly explored. We used two isolates of turnip mosaic potyvirus with varying degrees of adaptation to Arabidopsis thaliana to address these issues. One of the isolates was experimentally evolved in the plant and presented increased load and virulence relative to the ancestral isolate. The magnitude of the transcriptomic responses was larger for the evolved isolate and indicated a role of innate immunity systems triggered by molecular patterns and effectors in the infection process. Several transposable elements located in different chromatin contexts and epigenetic-related genes were also affected. Correspondingly, mutant plants having loss or gain of repressive marks were, respectively, more tolerant and susceptible to turnip mosaic potyvirus, with a more efficient response against the ancestral isolate. In wild-type plants, both isolates induced similar levels of cytosine methylation changes, including in and around transposable elements and stress-related genes. Results collectively suggested that apart from RNA silencing and basal immunity systems, DNA methylation and histone modification pathways may also be required for mounting proper antiviral defenses and that the effectiveness of this type of regulation strongly depends on the degree of viral adaptation to the host.

Description

Keywords

Potyvirus, Turnip mosaic virus, RNA-directed DNA methylation, biotic stress, epigenome, experimental evolution, methylome, plant–virus interaction, systems biology, virus adaptation, Adaptation, Biological, Arabidopsis, Biological Evolution, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genetic Fitness, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Potyvirus, Transcriptome

Journal Title

Mol Biol Evol

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0737-4038
1537-1719

Volume Title

37

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
Royal Society (RP/EA/180018)
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