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STATAWAARS: a promoter motif associated with spatial expression in the major effector-producing tissues of the plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

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cam.issuedOnline2018-07-27
dc.contributor.authorEspada, Margarida
dc.contributor.authorEves-van den Akker, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorMaier, Tom
dc.contributor.authorVijayapalani, Paramasivan
dc.contributor.authorBaum, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorMota, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorJones, John T
dc.contributor.orcidEves-Van Den Akker, Sebastian [0000-0002-8833-9679]
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-08T00:31:20Z
dc.date.available2018-11-08T00:31:20Z
dc.date.issued2018-07-27
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to a wide range of crop and forest species worldwide. The migratory endoparasitic nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, (pinewood nematode) is a quarantine pathogen that infects pine trees and has a hugely detrimental economic impact on the forestry industry. Under certain environmental conditions large areas of infected trees can be destroyed, leading to damage on an ecological scale. The interactions of B. xylophilus with plants are mediated by secreted effector proteins produced in the pharyngeal gland cells. Identification of effectors is important to understand mechanisms of parasitism and to develop new control measures for the pathogens. RESULTS: Using an approach pioneered in cyst nematodes, we have analysed the promoter regions of a small panel of previously validated pharyngeal gland cell effectors from B. xylophilus to identify an associated putative regulatory promoter motif: STATAWAARS. The presence of STATAWAARS in the promoter region of an uncharacterized gene is a predictor that the corresponding gene encodes a putatively secreted protein, consistent with effector function. Furthermore, we are able to experimentally validate that a subset of STATAWAARS-containing genes are specifically expressed in the pharyngeal glands. Finally, we independently validate the association of STATAWAARS with tissue-specific expression by directly sequencing the mRNA of pharyngeal gland cells. We combine a series of criteria, including STATAWAARS predictions and abundance in the gland cell transcriptome, to generate a comprehensive effector repertoire for B. xylophilus. The genes highlighted by this approach include many previously described effectors and a series of novel "pioneer" effectors. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a major scientific advance in the area of effector regulation. We identify a novel promoter motif (STATAWAARS) associated with expression in the pharyngeal gland cells. Our data, coupled with those from previous studies, suggest that lineage-specific promoter motifs are a theme of effector regulation in the phylum Nematoda.
dc.description.sponsorshipSE-vdA is supported by BBSRC grant BB/M014207/1 and BB/R011311/1
dc.format.mediumElectronic
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.32138
dc.identifier.eissn1471-2164
dc.identifier.issn1471-2164
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284767
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4908-2
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectBursaphelenchus xylophilus
dc.subjectEffectors
dc.subjectGene regulation
dc.subjectHost-pathogen interaction
dc.subjectPharyngeal gland cells
dc.subjectPlant-parasitic nematode
dc.subjectPromoter motif
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectNucleotide Motifs
dc.subjectPharynx
dc.subjectPromoter Regions, Genetic
dc.subjectTranscriptome
dc.subjectTylenchida
dc.titleSTATAWAARS: a promoter motif associated with spatial expression in the major effector-producing tissues of the plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-06-29
prism.issueIdentifier1
prism.publicationDate2018
prism.publicationNameBMC Genomics
prism.startingPage553
prism.volume19
pubs.funder-project-idBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R011311/1)
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2018-07-27
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
rioxxterms.versionVoR
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1186/s12864-018-4908-2

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