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Recent History of Böörs Sum


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Authors

Bulag, Uradyn E. 
Fuerwa, Dorjraa 

Abstract

Tsevein Purvei, a member of the Ogas Tens within the Böörs Sum of Hobogsair, held the Jangi (Eng. head) position of the Sum for more than ten years. Tsevein Purvei’s known ancestry traces back to Ogas, a figure who migrated to Hobogsair alongside the main Torghuts from the Volga region in 1771. However, he only remembered five of his ancestors: Nadmid, Dash, Nimger, Malia, and Tsebei. In addition to Ogas Tens, Niiteg, Bartag, and Chanka together compose Böörs Sum. At the time of Purvei’s retirement from his position in 2008, the Sum comprised approximately 470 households. Although the main members of the Böörs Sum live around and under the administration of the Tsagan Adrag village, the community’s religious practice is centred on the Hongor Ölöng Oboo, about a hundred kilometres away. The Oboo holds profound significance and is worshipped annually on the 15th of April, prior to any other Oboo rituals in Hobogsair. Historically, the Torghuts of Hobogsair relied predominantly on their camel caravans for sustenance and trade, as agricultural land was scarce in their territory. These caravans served as vital conduits for transporting essential goods, including salt from the southern regions of Hobogsair, and various livestock products such as fur and wool across the pastureland. A significant aspect of their trade involved exchanges with Tsarist Russians at the northwest border of Hobogsair, a location revered by the Torghuts and known as Tsagan Oboo. Annually, the Torghuts gather at this sacred border to pay homage and offer worship, underscoring the enduring spiritual and cultural traditions that have shaped their way of life for generations. In the tumultuous years of 1944 and 1945, the Torghut community of Hobogsair faced significant hardship due to the ruthless raids of the Osman bandits. These marauders plundered the Torghuts twice within two years, leaving devastation in their wake and depriving the inhabitants of their livelihoods. It was the most challenging period since they had migrated eastward to Xinjiang in 1771. The scant presence of Nationalist Party soldiers stationed in Hobogsair offered little protection against the relentless attacks of the bandits, leaving the Torghuts vulnerable and displaced. Some sought refuge on the Russian side of the border, enduring a year of hardship before returning home, while others resorted to begging for sustenance from monasteries in Oboot Khüree. Adding to their woes was a deadly outbreak of pneumonia that swept through Hobogsair, claiming numerous lives within a short period. Although the establishment of the PRC in 1949 brought peace to the Torghuts in Hobogsair, subsequent Chinese policies changed society in other ways. Traditional religious practices, such as Oboo worship, were disrupted for over three decades due to the upheavals of collectivisation and the Cultural Revolution. The destruction of the revered Hongor Ölön Oboo in 1944 by Kazakh bandits dealt a devastating blow to the spiritual fabric of the community. However, the Torghuts of Böörs Sum restored the sanctity of the Hongor Ölön Oboo in 1984, soon after the privatisation policy was implemented in China. Guided by a sense of duty and reverence, they embarked in the darkness of night to reach the sacred site, symbolising the resurgence of a cherished tradition after forty years of disruption.

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Keywords

Torghuts, Hobogsair, Böörs Sum, History, Oboo Worship, Recent History of Hobogsair

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Publisher

Kalmyk Cultural Heritage Documentation Project, University of Cambridge

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Sponsorship
Sponsored by Arcadia Fund, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.