Several educational routes have been developed which entail project work with a specific focus on independent learning and research. In this article we outline some of the options that exist at Level 3, primarily for 16 to 19 year olds (Years 12 and 13) in the UK and internationally. We then conduct a more detailed comparison of two routes: the Extended Project Qualification, and the International Baccalaureate Extended Essay. Many stakeholders may be unaware of the differences in the aims, structure, and scope of these routes. It is important for students and teachers to be conscious of the differences so that they can make informed decisions about what is most suitable for them. End-users such as higher education admissions tutors and employers also need to understand the differences in order to weigh up the experiences and achievements of applicants fairly.