Champion Device Architectures for Low-Cost and Stable Single-Junction Perovskite Solar Cells.

Abstract

High power conversion efficiencies (PCE), low energy payback time (EPBT), and low manufacturing costs render perovskite solar cells (PSCs) competitive; however, a relatively low operational stability impedes their large-scale deployment. In addition, state-of-the-art PSCs are made of expensive materials, including the organic hole transport materials (HTMs) and the noble metals used as the charge collection electrode, which induce degradation in PSCs. Thus, developing inexpensive alternatives is crucial to fostering the transition from academic research to industrial development. Combining a carbon-based electrode with an inorganic HTM has shown the highest potential and should replace noble metals and organic HTMs. In this review, we illustrate the incorporation of a carbon layer as a back contact instead of noble metals and inorganic HTMs instead of organic ones as two cornerstones for achieving optimal stability and economic viability for PSCs. We discuss the primary considerations for the selection of the absorbing layer as well as the electron-transporting layer to be compatible with the champion designs and ultimate architecture for single-junction PSCs. More studies regarding the long-term stability are still required. Using the recommended device architecture presented in this work would pave the way toward constructing low-cost and stable PSCs.