This dataset contains research data that supports the publication "Climate Projections Very Likely Underestimate Future Volcanic Forcing and its Climatic Effects".

This dataset contains (1) 1000-member of stochastic future eruption scenarios from 2015 to 2100, generated from resampling historical eruption records from ice-cores and satellites; and (2) annual time series data of climate variables output from the UKESM-VPLUME modelling framework. The data variables include global mean surface temperature (in K), global mean stratospheric aerosol optical depth, global net radiative forcing at the top-of-the-atmosphere (in W/m²), global ocean heat content (in J), global precipitation (in mm/day), global sea level (in m), global sea ice extent (in km²), and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26ºN (in Sv).

The stochastic scenarios are stored in HDF5 format. The annual time series data of each variable is stored as a zip file, which contains the data files for 8 different eruption scenarios (NOVOLC, CONST VOLC, VOLC2.5, VOLC50-1, VOLC50-2, VOLC50-1S, VOLC50-2S, VOLC98) in netcdf format. In each data file, annual data of the above listed climate variables (3 ensemble members) are included. Please refer to the publication for details of the eruption scenarios.