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3D Perovskite Passivation with a Benzotriazole-Based 2D Interlayer for High-Efficiency Solar Cells.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Article

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Authors

Caiazzo, Alessandro  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7613-816X
van Gorkom, Bas T 
Remmerswaal, Willemijn HM 
Orri, Jordi Ferrer 

Abstract

2H-Benzotriazol-2-ylethylammonium bromide and iodide and its difluorinated derivatives are synthesized and employed as interlayers for passivation of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) solar cells. In combination with PbI2 and PbBr2, these benzotriazole derivatives form two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) as evidenced by their crystal structures and thin film characteristics. When used to passivate n-i-p FAPbI3 solar cells, the power conversion efficiency improves from 20% to close to 22% by enhancing the open-circuit voltage. Quasi-Fermi level splitting experiments and scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging reveal that passivation provides a reduced nonradiative recombination at the interface between the perovskite and hole transport layer. Photoluminescence spectroscopy, angle-resolved grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the 2D/three-dimensional (3D) interface between the benzotriazole RPP and FAPbI3 show that a nonuniform layer of 2D perovskites is enough to passivate defects, enhance charge extraction, and decrease nonradiative recombination.

Description

Keywords

2D perovskites, passivation, solar cells, FAPbI3, benzotriazole

Journal Title

ACS Appl Energy Mater

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2574-0962
2574-0962

Volume Title

Publisher

American Chemical Society (ACS)
Sponsorship
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/L015978/1)