I have served as an editor of the journal “Language and Translation (Mongolian)” for 34 years. This publication specialises in academic papers regarding the Mongolian language, translation, history, and culture. However, our focus on Mongolian history and culture has been significantly reduced in recent years due to stringent government policies. Eventually, the journal merged with the Ministry of Education, and we were forced into retirement.

The Torghuts in Bayangol comprised 54 Sums, with the Royal Banner comprising 50 Sums. The remaining 4 Sums form the Düüner Banner, meaning younger brother banner. The summer pasture of the Düüner Banners is Huuhen Bel, encompassing Nartin Davaa, Deres Herts, Zasagt Arts, and Tsagan Aral. Har Mod and Barun Har Mod served as winter pasture.

Although Qing officials settled Ubash’s Torghuts across the Tarbagatai region, particularly from Tsagan Tuhai to Jargalangt Gol, north of the Tenger Mountains, they opted to relocate them to Zultus, Huuhenni Tal, and Harshaar two years later. Due to the Royal Banner’s prominence in Bayangol, they occupied most of the mountainous area of the Tenger Mountain, while other banners settled across Zultusin Yamaat, Sairam, Seerin Us, Tsagan Aral, and Haptagai Us. These settlements, including their migration route, were recorded on maps by the Qing government.