Beyond the Situation: Hanging Out with Peers now is Associated with Short-Term Mindsets Later.
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UNLABELLED: It is well-established that unstructured unsupervised socializing with peers (UUS) motivates deviance while in that specific context. In this article, we extend this situational view by arguing that repeated UUS may also gradually shape adolescents' norms and decision making beyond the situation. Specifically, we argue that UUS promotes short-term mindsets, i.e., an increased focus on present rewards at the expense of considering future consequences. We test this hypothesis with fixed-effects models, using longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,675 adolescents from Zurich, Switzerland. Consistent with our preregistered predictions, more frequent UUS is associated with increased short-term mindsets. Thus, our finding suggests that the effects of UUS on later deviance might be driven by becoming more present-oriented. This link offers new insights into the developmental pathways toward adolescent delinquency and offers a potential target for intervention. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40865-024-00249-2.
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Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful for helpful and profound feedback on the manuscript from Jean McGloin, and for the invaluable advice on IRT provided by Kyle Thomas. The authors would further like to thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive feedback. Moreover, the authors express their sincere thanks to the youths, parents, and teachers participating in the study; as well as to the interviewers and undergraduate students for their help in data collection and coding.
Funder: James S. McDonnell Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000913; Grant(s): https://doi.org/10.37717/220020502
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2199-465X
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Swiss National Science Foundation (69025)