A purine metabolic checkpoint that prevents autoimmunity and autoinflammation.


Type
Article
Change log
Authors
Saveljeva, Svetlana 
Sewell, Gavin William 
Ramshorn, Katharina 
West, James A 
Abstract

Still's disease, the paradigm of autoinflammation-cum-autoimmunity, predisposes for a cytokine storm with excessive T lymphocyte activation upon viral infection. Loss of function of the purine nucleoside enzyme FAMIN is the sole known cause for monogenic Still's disease. Here we discovered that a FAMIN-enabled purine metabolon in dendritic cells (DCs) restrains CD4+ and CD8+ T cell priming. DCs with absent FAMIN activity prime for enhanced antigen-specific cytotoxicity, IFNγ secretion, and T cell expansion, resulting in excessive influenza A virus-specific responses. Enhanced priming is already manifest with hypomorphic FAMIN-I254V, for which ∼6% of mankind is homozygous. FAMIN controls membrane trafficking and restrains antigen presentation in an NADH/NAD+-dependent manner by balancing flux through adenine-guanine nucleotide interconversion cycles. FAMIN additionally converts hypoxanthine into inosine, which DCs release to dampen T cell activation. Compromised FAMIN consequently enhances immunosurveillance of syngeneic tumors. FAMIN is a biochemical checkpoint that protects against excessive antiviral T cell responses, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.

Description
Keywords
Journal Title
Cell Metab
Conference Name
Journal ISSN
1550-4131
1932-7420
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
European Research Council (260961)
Wellcome Trust (103077/Z/13/Z)
Wellcome Trust (106260/Z/14/Z)
European Research Council (648889)
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUH) (BRC)
Academy of Medical Sciences (SGL018/1119)
Wellcome Trust (105920/Z/14/Z)
Wellcome Trust (102163/B/13/Z)
Wellcome Trust (216630/Z/19/Z)
MRC (MC_UU_00014/5)