Repository logo
 

The association between age at menarche and later risk of gestational diabetes is mediated by insulin resistance.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Change log

Abstract

AIMS: Associations have been reported between age at menarche and the later risk of gestational diabetes. However, it is not known whether these associations reflect differences in insulin sensitivity and/or pancreatic β-cell function in pregnancy. METHODS: We examined this question in women enrolled in the prospective Cambridge Baby Growth Study who recalled their age at menarche in questionnaires during pregnancy. Polynomial logistic and linear regression models were used to relate menarche timing to the risk of gestational diabetes, both unadjusted and adjusted for the Homeostasis Model Assessments of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA B) at week 28 of pregnancy. RESULTS: Age at menarche showed a U-shaped association with gestational diabetes risk (linear term: p = 9.5 × 10-4; quadratic term: p = 1.0 × 10-3; n = 889; overall model p = 8.1 × 10-3). Age at menarche showed a negative linear association with insulin resistance (HOMA IR: β = -0.13, p = 5.2 × 10-4, n = 771), which explained the relationship between age at menarche and gestational diabetes risk (adjusted linear term going from p = 0.03-0.08; adjusted quadratic term going from p = 0.04-0.08; n = 771). Age at menarche also showed a negative linear association with β-cell function (HOMA B: β = -0.11, p = 2.8 × 10-3, n = 771) but this did not attenuate the relationship between age at menarche and gestational diabetes (adjusted linear term p = 0.02; adjusted quadratic term p = 0.03, n = 771). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the associations between age at menarche and risk of gestational diabetes and raised pregnancy glucose concentrations may be mediated by insulin resistance.

Description

Keywords

Adiposity, Insulin sensitivity, PAPP-A, Pregnancy, Puberty, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Blood Glucose, Child, Diabetes, Gestational, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Male, Menarche, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors

Journal Title

Acta Diabetol

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0940-5429
1432-5233

Volume Title

55

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
Evelyn Trust (unknown)
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (unknown)
Wellbeing of Women (RG1644)
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUH) (146281)
Medical Research Council (G1001995)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/2)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12012/5)
Medical Research Council (MC_U106179472)
MRC (MC_UU_00014/5)
Medical Research Council (MC_PC_12012)
Medical Research Council (G1001995/1)
Funding for this study has come from the Wellbeing of Women (the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, UK) (RG1644). Other core funding has come from the Medical Research Council (7500001180, G1001995, U106179472), European Union Framework 5 (QLK4-1999-01422), the Mothercare Charitable Foundation (RG54608), Newlife Foundation for Disabled Children (07/20), and the World Cancer Research Fund International (2004/03). In addition, there has been support from National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. KO is supported by the Medical Research Council (Unit Programme number: MC_UU_12015/2).