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Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur Euparkeria capensis

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Wiseman, Ashleigh L. A.  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-4387
Hutchinson, John R.  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6767-7038

Abstract

Birds and crocodylians are the only remaining members of Archosauria (ruling reptiles) and they exhibit major differences in posture and gait, which are polar opposites in terms of locomotor strategies. Their broader lineages (Avemetatarsalia and Pseudosuchia) evolved a multitude of locomotor modes in the Triassic and Jurassic periods, including several occurrences of bipedalism. The exact timings and frequencies of bipedal origins within archosaurs, and thus their ancestral capabilities, are contentious. It is often suggested that archosaurs ancestrally exhibited some form of bipedalism. Euparkeria capensis is a central taxon for the investigation of locomotion in archosaurs due to its phylogenetic position and intermediate skeletal morphology, and is argued to be representative of facultative bipedalism in this group. However, no studies to date have biomechanically tested if bipedality was feasible in Eupakeria. Here, we use musculoskeletal models and static simulations in its hindlimb to test the influences of body posture and muscle parameter estimation methods on locomotor potential. Our analyses show that the resulting negative pitching moments around the centre of mass were prohibitive to sustainable bipedality. We conclude that it is unlikely that Euparkeria was facultatively bipedal, and was probably quadrupedal, rendering the inference of ancestral bipedal abilities in Archosauria unlikely.

Description

Peer reviewed: True

Keywords

Organismal and evolutionary biology, Research articles, locomotion, musculoskeletal modelling, Archosauria, bipedalism

Journal Title

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2054-5703

Volume Title

Publisher

The Royal Society
Sponsorship
H2020 European Research Council (695517)