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Exploring the Historical and Cultural Narratives of Khar Us


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Authors

Bulag, Uradyn E. 
Fuerwa, Dorjraa 

Abstract

Most Kalmyks or Oirats in Xinjiang respect and cherish their noble lineage tradition as taking historical leaders and Buddhist figures, such as living Buddhas and lamas, as their spiritual teachers. In this interview, however, Dambirjav explores the unknown sites of Buddhist and noble leaders in Khar Us. Gomjavin Dambirjav, born into an Ööld family in Bortal, recounts his family's history. His parents initially belonged to the third Sum of the ten-Sum Öölds in Dörbeljin and escaped to Bortal in 1892 when Chagan Gegen convened fifty households to resettle them in Khar Us after constructing a Buddhist monastery. Since this incident, the subsequent three generations have distanced themselves from Buddhism and lived independently in Bortal, and eventually in Khar Us. The second theme discussed in the video is the notorious history of the noble leaders of the Torghuts in Khar Us. The discussion expands from Minchin Wang and his private life and eventual escape from Khar Us to Taiwan, to Beis Noyan and his three wives, his descendants, as well as the demise of this aristocratic lineage under the communist regime. The third topic of the interview relates to the Zahchin community who migrated to Khar Us in the 1930s, confronting the communist regime of Mongolia at the time. Damdinbazar, the leading figure of the Zahchin, eventually found himself in an ambivalent position where neither China nor Mongolia recognised these people as their citizens. The Republic of Mongolia claims they betrayed their country, whereas China designated Zahchins as secular pilgrims (mong. Tsagaachid) and recognised them as citizens of Mongolia. The discussion also involved the deeds of Palta Wang. When the Torghuts migrated east to Xinjiang from the Volga region, a part of them settled in Khar Us under the leadership of Bayar Wang. His son Palta, who studied in Japan and became the governor of Altai upon his return to Xinjiang, is widely known among the Torghuts for his positive reforms and constructions in Khar Us and Altai. However, the Torghuts in Khar Us believe that he was poisoned by the Qing government. Eventually, Dambirjav interprets the Kazakh position in Khar Us. Khar Us is a place where, except for two rich families, Eelei and Shaadai, poor people gathered from various regions. One of these groups is the Kazakhs, who mostly came to Khar Us around 1922 when the communist regime took control in Kazakhstan. They escaped under the guidance of Alash, initially herding livestock for the Torghuts and Chinese in Khar Us city.

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Keywords

Ten-Sum Öölds, Dörveljin, Tsagaan Gegen, Buddhism, Noble History, Damdinbazar, Zakhchin, Palta Wang

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Publisher

Kalmyk Cultural Heritage Documentation Project, University of Cambridge

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Sponsorship
Sponsored by Arcadia Fund, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.