Comparative chromosome painting in three Pelecaniformes species (Aves): Exploring the role of macro and microchromosome fusions in karyotypic evolution.
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Pelecaniformes is an order of waterbirds that exhibit diverse and distinct morphologies. Ibis, heron, pelican, hammerkop, and shoebill are included within the order. Despite their fascinating features, the phylogenetic relationships among the families within Pelecaniformes remain uncertain and pose challenges due to their complex evolutionary history. Their karyotypic evolution is another little-known aspect. Therefore, to shed light on the chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred during the evolution of Pelecaniformes, we have used whole macrochromosome probes from Gallus gallus (GGA) to show homologies on three species with different diploid numbers, namely Cochlearius cochlearius (2n = 74), Eudocimus ruber (2n = 66), and Syrigma sibilatrix (2n = 62). A fusion between GGA6 and GGA7 was found in C. cochlearius and S. sibilatrix. In S. sibilatrix the GGA8, GGA9 and GGA10 hybridized to the long arms of biarmed macrochromosomes, indicating fusions with microchromosomes. In E. ruber the GGA7 and GGA8 hybridized to the same chromosome pair. After comparing our painting results with previously published data, we show that distinct chromosomal rearrangements have occurred in different Pelecaniformes lineages. Our study provides new insight into the evolutionary history of Pelecaniformes and the chromosomal changes involving their macrochromosomes and microchromosomes that have taken place in different species within this order.
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Acknowledgements: Authors would like to thank all colleagues from the “Grupo de Pesquisa Diversidade Genética Animal” from Universidade Federal do Pampa, the “Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética” from Instituto Evandro Chagas (Ananindeua, PA, Brazil), and PROPESP-UFPA for technical and institutional support. We are grateful to Alex Pinheiro de Araújo for the illustration of the Cochlearius cochlearius, Syrigma sibilatrix and Eudocimus ruber used in Figs 3–5, respectively.
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1932-6203
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Proc. 304781/2022-3)
Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação - UFPA (Edital 02/2023-PAPQ)