RNA length has a non-trivial effect in the stability of biomolecular condensates formed by RNA-binding proteins.


Change log
Authors
Sanchez-Burgos, Ignacio  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-3945
Collepardo-Guevara, Rosana  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-7351
Abstract

Biomolecular condensates formed via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) play a crucial role in the spatiotemporal organization of the cell material. Nucleic acids can act as critical modulators in the stability of these protein condensates. To unveil the role of RNA length in regulating the stability of RNA binding protein (RBP) condensates, we present a multiscale computational strategy that exploits the advantages of a sequence-dependent coarse-grained representation of proteins and a minimal coarse-grained model wherein proteins are described as patchy colloids. We find that for a constant nucleotide/protein ratio, the protein fused in sarcoma (FUS), which can phase separate on its own-i.e., via homotypic interactions-only exhibits a mild dependency on the RNA strand length. In contrast, the 25-repeat proline-arginine peptide (PR25), which does not undergo LLPS on its own at physiological conditions but instead exhibits complex coacervation with RNA-i.e., via heterotypic interactions-shows a strong dependence on the length of the RNA strands. Our minimal patchy particle simulations suggest that the strikingly different effect of RNA length on homotypic LLPS versus RBP-RNA complex coacervation is general. Phase separation is RNA-length dependent whenever the relative contribution of heterotypic interactions sustaining LLPS is comparable or higher than those stemming from protein homotypic interactions. Taken together, our results contribute to illuminate the intricate physicochemical mechanisms that influence the stability of RBP condensates through RNA inclusion.

Description

Funder: Oppenheimer Fellowship


Funder: Roger Ekins Fellowship


Funder: Derek Brewer Emmanuel College scholarship

Keywords
Biomolecular Condensates, Biophysical Phenomena, RNA, RNA-Binding Proteins
Journal Title
PLoS Comput Biol
Conference Name
Journal ISSN
1553-734X
1553-7358
Volume Title
18
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Sponsorship
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P020259/1)
European Research Council (803326)
EPSRC (EP/T517847/1)