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Cyclic production of biocompatible few-layer graphene ink with in-line shear-mixing for inkjet-printed electrodes and Li-ion energy storage

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cam.issuedOnline2022-01-12
dc.contributor.authorCarey, T
dc.contributor.authorAlhourani, A
dc.contributor.authorTian, R
dc.contributor.authorSeyedin, S
dc.contributor.authorArbab, A
dc.contributor.authorMaughan, J
dc.contributor.authorŠiller, L
dc.contributor.authorHorvath, D
dc.contributor.authorKelly, A
dc.contributor.authorKaur, H
dc.contributor.authorCaffrey, E
dc.contributor.authorKim, JM
dc.contributor.authorHagland, HR
dc.contributor.authorColeman, JN
dc.contributor.orcidCarey, T [0000-0001-8697-9421]
dc.contributor.orcidAlhourani, A [0000-0003-0620-8083]
dc.contributor.orcidTian, R [0000-0003-1282-1087]
dc.contributor.orcidSeyedin, S [0000-0001-7322-0387]
dc.contributor.orcidMaughan, J [0000-0003-0716-2697]
dc.contributor.orcidHorvath, D [0000-0003-2256-6120]
dc.contributor.orcidKelly, A [0000-0002-6070-7070]
dc.contributor.orcidKaur, H [0000-0002-5349-6770]
dc.contributor.orcidCaffrey, E [0000-0002-0174-383X]
dc.contributor.orcidKim, JM [0000-0002-4241-5154]
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-28T14:39:20Z
dc.date.available2022-01-28T14:39:20Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.submitted2021-06-05
dc.date.updated2022-01-28T14:39:19Z
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The scalable production of two-dimensional (2D) materials is needed to accelerate their adoption to industry. In this work, we present a low-cost in-line and enclosed process of exfoliation based on high-shear mixing to create aqueous dispersions of few-layer graphene, on a large scale with a <jats:italic>Y</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub> ~ 100% yield by weight and throughput of <jats:italic>ϕ</jats:italic> ~ 8.3 g h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The in-line process minimises basal plane defects compared to traditional beaker-based shear mixing which we attribute to a reduced Reynolds number, Re ~ 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup>. We demonstrate highly conductive graphene material with conductivities as high as <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> ∼ 1.5 × 10<jats:sup>4 </jats:sup>S m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> leading to sheet-resistances as low as <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub> ∼ 2.6 Ω □<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (<jats:italic>t</jats:italic> ∼ 25 μm). The process is ideal for formulating non-toxic, biocompatible and highly concentrated (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic> ∼ 100 mg ml<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) inks. We utilise the graphene inks for inkjet printable conductive interconnects and lithium-ion battery anode composites that demonstrate a low-rate lithium storage capability of 370 mAh g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, close to the theoretical capacity of graphite. Finally, we demonstrate the biocompatibility of the graphene inks with human colon cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells at high <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> ∼ 1 mg ml<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> facilitating a route for the use of the graphene inks in applications that require biocompatibility at high <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> such as electronic textiles.</jats:p>
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.80434
dc.identifier.eissn2397-7132
dc.identifier.issn2397-7132
dc.identifier.others41699-021-00279-0
dc.identifier.other279
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/333010
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41699-021-00279-0
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subject4016 Materials Engineering
dc.subject7 Affordable and Clean Energy
dc.titleCyclic production of biocompatible few-layer graphene ink with in-line shear-mixing for inkjet-printed electrodes and Li-ion energy storage
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-12-01
prism.issueIdentifier1
prism.publicationNamenpj 2D Materials and Applications
prism.volume6
pubs.funder-project-idScience Foundation Ireland (SFI) (SFI/12/RC/2278_P2, SFI/12/RC/2278_P2)
pubs.funder-project-idRCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (NS/A000015/1, NS/A000015/1, EP/P027628/1)
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rioxxterms.versionVoR
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1038/s41699-021-00279-0

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