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Sangadzhi Kononov, About the Worship of the Masters of Land and Water


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Authors

Kovaeva, Bair 
Churyumov, Anton 

Abstract

This ritual is usually performed during Ur Sar with the purpose of preventing the death of livestock, to bring rain, as well as for the wellbeing of livestock. Sangadzhi describes the ritual briefly. It is usually performed in an ancestral place. First, a piece of white cloth is spread on the ground, which symbolizes purity. Offerings put on this cloth include meat, the head of a sheep, tea, vodka, seven kinds of sweets, dairy products and incenses. In front of the cloth with the offerings, are placed seven candles made of dough and a stick is erected which has colourful ribbons tied to it. The colours of the ribbons should correspond to those of the clan(s) that perform the ritual. Each clan in Kalmykia has a different colour representing them. The ends of the ribbons should have white and yellow coins tied to them. The candles should be lit up accompanied by prayers. Prior to this, a fire is prepared. When the candles go out, men offer tea to Tsagan Aav, vodka to Okn Tengri and milk to ancestors by sprinkling these substances to the sky. Afterwards food offerings are put on the fire. Finally, in order to purify themselves men circle the fire three times. Women do the same after the men have finished. Milk is poured around the fire which symbolizes a white milky road without obstacles for all the participants. Sometimes, people use a goat as a sacrificial animal, especially when there has been a long drought, for it is believed that the goat fends off evil spirits. For the same reason Kalmyks keep goats among their livestock. This particular ritual is performed slightly differently in different places for different purposes. For example, it can also be performed in order to counter and deal with curses. According to Kalmyk belief, the toughest and the most difficult to deal with curses are made by pregnant women, for their curse is believed to have a double effect. In order not to anger them, Kalmyks show special respect to pregnant women.

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Keywords

rituals, worship, masters, land, water, Ur Sar, offerings

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Sponsored by Arcadia Fund, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.

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