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IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

West, Cara 
Rus, Florentina 
Chen, Ying 
Kleino, Anni 

Abstract

The host immune response and virus-encoded immune evasion proteins pose constant, mutual selective pressure on each other. Virally encoded immune evasion proteins also indicate which host pathways must be inhibited to allow for viral replication. Here, we show that IIV-6 is capable of inhibiting the two Drosophila NF-κB signaling pathways, Imd and Toll. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene induction downstream of either pathway is suppressed when cells infected with IIV-6 are also stimulated with Toll or Imd ligands. We find that cleavage of both Imd and Relish, as well as Relish nuclear translocation, three key points in Imd signal transduction, occur in IIV-6 infected cells, indicating that the mechanism of viral inhibition is farther downstream, at the level of Relish promoter binding or transcriptional activation. Additionally, flies co-infected with both IIV-6 and the Gram-negative bacterium, Erwinia carotovora carotovora, succumb to infection more rapidly than flies singly infected with either the virus or the bacterium. These findings demonstrate how pre-existing infections can have a dramatic and negative effect on secondary infections, and establish a Drosophila model to study confection susceptibility.

Description

Keywords

DNA virus, IIV-6, Imd, NF-κB, host-pathogen interactions, immunomodulators, viral immune evasion, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Immunity, Innate, Iridovirus, Toll-Like Receptors, Transcription Factors, Virus Replication

Journal Title

Viruses

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1999-4915
1999-4915

Volume Title

11

Publisher

MDPI AG
Sponsorship
Wellcome Trust (100321/Z/12/Z)
Medical Research Council (MR/P02260X/1)