Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Land Use Planning for Optimal Biodiversity Net Gain in England

Abstract

The integration of Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) requirements into land use planning, as stipulated by the Environment Act 2021, signifies significant efforts towards conserving and enhancing biodiversity in England. This integration facilitates the distribution of resources for enhancing biodiversity under diverse conditions. The BNG approach under the Act obligates developers to increase on-site biodiversity levels through various measures relative to levels before project development, including on-site or off-site actions or the purchase of biodiversity credits. Incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in land use planning offers substantial potential to revolutionize traditional approaches through advanced predictive modelling, spatial analysis, and stakeholder engagement. By leveraging AI to implement BNG requirements, planners can efficiently anticipate future land use trends and ensure that development projects contribute positively to biodiversity conservation. However, it is crucial to address challenges such as data privacy, security, and bias. To optimize BNG in England through AI, this paper recommends enacting dedicated AI legislation, integrating fairness and transparency protocols, investing in training, promoting collaboration, adopting inclusive stakeholder engagement and participation, and establishing robust monitoring mechanisms. These measures are essential for harnessing full potential of AI in optimizing BNG outcomes and ultimately contributing to overall biodiversity enrichment.