Although commonly referred to as the Dörbön Oirat (Eng. four Oirats), the federation has been home to a diverse array of ethnic groups since ancient times. Historical accounts reveal that during the reigns of Esen and Togon Taishi, Oirats inhabited territories stretching from Mongolia to Tibet. Manduhai and Altan Khan both launched attacks against the Oirats, leading to shifts in power dynamics within the federation. These events prompted a gradual westward migration of the Oirats, eventually settling from Javhan Gol to Xinjiang and culminating in the formation of the Oirat federation. The term “Torghut” emerged during the era of Togon Taishi in the fifteenth century, with the first head of the federation hailing from the eastern Mongolian Honggor lineage. However, their influence waned over time, passing into the hands of Har Hulan and Baibavgas’s descendants. Contrary to its name, the Dörbön Oirat federation encompassed over twenty ethnic groups under its military organization, with Torghuts representing the west wing, Öölds the east wing, Hoshuts the middle route, and Hoid and Dörböts the north routes. By the seventeenth century, the federation had splintered into four distinct routes, each with its own unique identity and trajectory.