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Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Health, welfare, and the state — the dangers of forgetting history(Elsevier, 2016-12-03) Szreter, S; Kinmonth, AL; Kriznik, NM; Kelly, MP; Kriznik, Natasha [0000-0002-4291-0614]; Kelly, Mike [0000-0002-2029-5841]Recent public policy in the UK has been dominated by a discourse which asserts that public expenditure on universal health coverage and welfare is a burden on the productive economy and unaffordable in what has been deemed a time of austerity. There is a widely held assumption that universal welfare provision, as offered by most modern welfare states, is a luxury, only afforded since World War 2 by wealthier economies. According to this view, if the productive efficiency of the economy falters, then this luxury should be trimmed back aggressively. Reduction in universal welfare will relieve enterprise, capital, and so-called hard-working families from the burdens of taxation required to fund these unproductive public services and (by implication) those unproductive families—the poor. We argue from history that there should be an end to setting the goal of economic growth against that of welfare provision. A healthy and prospering society needs both. We suggest that they feed each other.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Dislocations in AlGaN: Core Structure, Atom Segregation, and Optical Properties(American Chemical Society, 2017-08-09) Massabuau, FCP; Rhode, SL; Horton, MK; O'Hanlon, TJ; Kovacs, A; Zielinski, MS; Kappers, MJ; Dunin-Borkowski, RE; Humphreys, CJ; Oliver, RA; Massabuau, Fabien [0000-0003-1008-1652]; Humphreys, Colin [0000-0001-5053-3380]; Oliver, Rachel [0000-0003-0029-3993]We conducted a comprehensive investigation of dislocations in Al$_{0.46}$Ga$_{0.54}$N. Using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the atomic structure and atom distribution at the dislocation core have been examined. We report that the core configuration of dislocations in AlGaN is consistent with that of other materials in the III-Nitride system. However, we observed that the dissociation of mixed-type dislocations is impeded by alloying GaN with AlN, which is confirmed by our experimental observation of Ga and Al atom segregation in the tensile and compressive parts of the dislocations, respectively. Investigation of the optical properties of the dislocations shows that the atom segregation at dislocations has no significant effect on the intensity recorded by cathodoluminescence in the vicinity of the dislocations. These results are in contrast with the case of dislocations in In$_{0.09}$Ga$_{0.91}$N where segregation of In and Ga atoms also occurs but results in carrier localization limiting non-radiative recombination at the dislocation. This study therefore sheds light on why InGaN-based devices are generally more resilient to dislocations than their AlGaN-based counterparts.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Mega-event effects on the housing market: Evidence from the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games(Elsevier, 2018-02-01) Wang, M; Bao, X; Bao, Helen [0000-0003-3966-3867]Mega-event regeneration involves extensive government funds and public participation; thus, this study emphasises the importance of verifying if these financial and human investments can be justified by the net effects of mega-event regeneration. Accordingly, the contingent valuation method is used to establish a framework to quantify the welfare effects of event regeneration from the economic, social and environmental perspectives. We proposed a theoretical framework that enables the ranking of various event regeneration effects based on public welfare improvement. This holistic approach takes into account changes in economic, environmental, and social housing conditions due to mega-event simultaneously. This leads to more reliable estimation of mega-event effects on housing market. Our empirical findings indicate that, overall, accessible public transport, a sense of feeling good, air quality, relieved traffic congestion and green space are the top five welfare enhancers. Nevertheless, residents from different housing sectors or geographic regions value mega-event effects differently. Our results can assist the government to efficiently allocate limited public resources by looking after public needs. A better understanding of the heterogeneity of event regeneration effects on different housing sectors and geographic locations will also help governments to tailor public policies based on various social groups.Item Restricted Accepted version Peer-reviewed Wills, Marriage and Cohabitation: The Law Commission's Consultation Questions(Jordan Publishing) Sloan, BD; Sloan, Brian [0000-0003-3468-8950]n/aItem Open Access Published version Peer-reviewed A novel pre-sintering technique for the growth of Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting single grains from raw metal oxides(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2017-07-26) Li, J; Shi, Y; Dennis, A; Namburi, D; Durrell, J; Yang, W; Cardwell, D; Shi, Yunhua [0000-0003-4240-5543]; Dennis, Tony [0000-0003-4962-7149]; Namburi, Devendra [0000-0003-3219-2708]; Durrell, John [0000-0003-0712-3102]; Cardwell, David [0000-0002-2020-2131]Most established top seeded melt growth (TSMG) processes of bulk, single grain Y–Ba–Cu–O (YBCO) superconductors are performed using a mixture of pre-reacted precursor powders. Here we report the successful growth of large, single grain YBCO samples by TSMG with good superconducting properties from a simple precursor composition consisting of a sintered mixture of the raw oxides. The elimination of the requirement to synthesize precursor powders in a separate process prior to melt processing has the potential to reduce significantly the cost of bulk superconductors, which is essential for their commercial exploitation. The growth morphology, microstructure, trapped magnetic field and critical current density, $J_\text{c}$, at different positions within the sample and maximum levitation force of the YBCO single grains fabricated by this process are reported. Measurements of the superconducting properties show that the trapped filed can reach 0.45 T and that a zero field $J_\text{c}$ of 2.5 × 10$^4$ A cm$^{−2}$ can be achieved in these samples. These values are comparable to those observed in samples fabricated using pre-reacted, high purity commercial oxide precursor powders. The experimental results are discussed and the possibility of further improving the melt process using raw oxides is outlined.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Gadofosveset-enhanced thoracic MR venography: a comparative study evaluating steady state imaging versus conventional first-pass time-resolved dynamic imaging(SAGE Publications, 2018-04-01) Patterson, AJ; See, TC; Hilliard, N; Soh, E; Winterbottom, A; Patterson, I; Parker, R; Graves, M; Lomas, D; Graves, Martin [0000-0003-4327-3052]; Lomas, David [0000-0003-2904-8617]Background Dedicated blood-pool contrast agents combined with optimal angiographic protocols could improve the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). $\textbf{Purpose}$ To assess the clinical utility of Gadofesveset-enhanced imaging and compare an optimized steady-state (SS) sequence against conventional first-pass dynamic multi-phase (DMP) imaging. $\textbf{Material and Methods}$ Twenty-nine patients (17 men, 12 women; mean age = 42.7, age range = 18–72 years) referred for MR thoracic venography were recruited. Imaging was performed on a 1.5T MRI system. A blood-pool contrast agent (Gadofesveset) was administered intravenously. Thirty temporal phases were acquired using DMP. This was immediately followed by a high-resolution SS sequence. Three radiologists in consensus reviewed seven thoracic vascular segments after randomizing the acquisition order. Image quality, stenoses, thromboses, and artifacts were graded using a categorical scoring system. The image quality for both approaches was compared using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test. McNemar’s test was used to compare the proportions of stenosis grades, thrombus and artifacts. $\textbf{Results}$ SS had significantly better image quality than DMP (3.14 ± 0.73 and 2.92 ± 0.60, respectively; P < 0.001). SS identified fewer stenoses (>50%) than DMP; the differences in stenosis categorizations was statistically significant (P = 0.013). There was no significant difference in the proportions of vessels with thromboses (P = 0.617). DMP produced more artifacts than SS (101 versus 85); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.073). $\textbf{Conclusion}$ Gadofesveset-enhanced thoracic angiography is clinically feasible. SS imaging produces better image quality and fewer artifacts than conventional DMP imaging.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed The Potter's Field(Cambridge University Press, 2018-07) Denyer Willis, GAN; Denyer Willis, Graham [0000-0002-1870-559X]I unpack the ‘potter’s field’ as an everyday practice and a category, especially as it operates in the material treatment of bodies as a mirror of life. I examine this space of ‘worthlessness’ as it exists in liberal capitalism. From the potter’s fields of São Paulo, Brazil, I consider how these are, in fact, mundane mass graves, made politically useful as a means to obscure important bodies alongside those who are, today, the subjects of terror. I then ask how the rise of the uncertified potter’s field –a burial field for the disposable not made legal by the state- is inseparable from recent historical and contemporary conditions of political abandonment. The uncertified field is made easy by a politics of abandonment, becoming useful to the institutions of the state as a material invocation of responsibility, interred elsewhere, while nonetheless advancing a larger logic of governance and political will in our times.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Compromised, Valuable Freedom: Flat Affect and Reserve as Psychosocial Strategies(University of the West of England) Duschinsky, RN; Reisel, D; Nissen, M; Duschinsky, Robbie [0000-0003-2023-5328]In contemporary scholarship in the social sciences and humanities, as in our lives when we are scared, we are often too quick to divide actions into compliance with or resistance to power. As Sedgwick (2003) has observed, there is a paranoid tendency in critical scholarship. But, in fact, the world is more subtle and compromised than such an account would suggest. There is something heroic and clear-cut about the way this divide between compliance and resistance operates, as what it implies is that when compliance ends the result must be resistance, freedom, agency. Yet this image is an unkind one: it is haughty about those still caught in the web – and manically, cruelly optimistic about everything else. And on which side do we who entertain it imagine ourselves to be? An alternative, more modest yet hopefully deeper perspective would be one which can encompass the unsteady, roiling encounter of subject and world, with its richness of strategies and possible resources out of which some freedom can be built, under conditions not of our own choosing, and in various forms of participation. When the binary between compliance and resistance fragments, specific and concrete strategies come into view, with their possibilities and limitations.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Sensitivity of magnetic properties to chemical pressure in lanthanide garnets Ln3A2X3O12, Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, A = Ga, Sc, In, Te, X = Ga, Al, Li(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2017-10-11) Mukherjee, P; Sackville Hamilton, AC; Glass, HFJ; Dutton, SE; Mukherjee, Paromita [0000-0001-5121-6280]; Dutton, Sian [0000-0003-0984-5504]A systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of three-dimensionally frustrated lanthanide garnets Ln3A2X3O12, Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, A = Ga, Sc, In, Te, X = Ga, Al, Li is presented. Garnets with Ln = Gd show magnetic behaviour consistent with isotropic Gd3+ spins; no magnetic ordering is observed for T ≥ 0.4 K. Magnetic ordering features are seen for garnets with Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho in the temperature range 0.4 < T < 2.5 K, however the nature of the magnetic ordering varies for the different Ln as well as for different combinations of A and X. The changes in magnetic behaviour can be explained by tuning of the magnetic interactions and changes in the single-ion anisotropy. The change in magnetic entropy is evaluated from isothermal magnetisation measurements to characterise the magnetocaloric effect in these materials. Among the Gd garnets, the maximum change in magnetic entropy per mole (15.45 J K-1 molGd-1) is observed for Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 at 2 K, in a field of 9 T. The performance of Dy3Ga5O12 as a magnetocaloric material surpasses the other garnets with Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho.Item Open Access Published version Peer-reviewed Accelerated carbonation and performance of concrete made with steel slag as binding materials and aggregates(Elsevier, 2017-10) Mo, L; Zhang, F; Deng, M; Jin, F; Al-Tabbaa, A; Wang, A; Jin, Fei [0000-0003-0899-7063]Steel slag has been used as supplementary cementitious materials or aggregates in concrete. However, the substitution levels of steel slag for Portland cement or natural aggregates were limited due to its low hydraulic property or latent volume instability. In this study, 60% of steel slag powders containing high free-CaO content, 20% of Portland cement and up to 20% of reactive magnesia and lime were mixed to prepare the binding blends. The binding blends were then used to cast concrete, in which up to 100% of natural aggregates (limestone and river sands) were replaced with steel slag aggregates. The concrete was exposed to carbonation curing with a concentration of 99.9% CO2 and a pressure of 0.10 MPa for different durations (1d, 3d, and 14d). The carbonation front, carbonate products, compressive strength, microstructure, and volume stability of the concrete were investigated. Results show that the compressive strength of the steel slag concrete after CO2 curing was significantly increased. The compressive strengths of concrete subjected to CO2 curing for 14d were up to five-fold greater than that of the corresponding concrete under conventional moist curing for 28d. This is attributed to the formation of calcium carbonates, leading to a microstructure densification of the concrete. Replacement of limestone and sand aggregates with steel slag aggregates also increased the compressive strengths of the concrete subjected to CO2 curing. In addition, the concrete pre-exposed to CO2 curing produced less expansion than the concrete pre-exposed to moist curing during the subsequent accelerated curing in 60 °C water. This study provides a potential approach to prepare concrete with low-carbon emissions via the accelerated carbonation of steel slag.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed E.P.Thompson: Last of the English Radicals?(Wiley-Blackwell, 2017-07-10) Kenny, MHistorian, activist and campaigner Edward Thompson is seen as an exemplar of an English radicalism which some see as a lineage with which the contemporary Labour party might fruitfully reconnect. This article examines how Thompson himself understood and characterised the ‘English radical idiom’ and traces his use and then abandonment of this idea in the middle years of his career. It offers some wider reflections about what the insights and lessons associated with his historical writings and reflections on the distinctive nature of English cultural and social thought.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Evaluating Longitudinal Invariance in Dimensions of Mental Health Across Adolescence: An Analysis of the Social Behavior Questionnaire(SAGE Publications, 2019-10-01) Aja Louise Murray; Ingrid Obsuth; Manuel Eisner; Denis RibeaudMeasurement invariance over time (longitudinal invariance) is a core but seldom-tested assumption of many longitudinal studies on adolescent psychosocial development. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal invariance of a brief measure of adolescent mental health: the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ). The SBQ was administered to participants of the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths in up to four waves spanning ages 11 to 17. Using a confirmatory factor analysis approach, metric invariance held for all constructs, but there were some violations of scalar and strict invariance. Overall, intercepts tended to increase over time while residual variances decreased. This suggests that participants may become more willing or able to identify and report on certain behaviors over time. The noninvariance was not practically significant in magnitude, except for the Anxiety dimension where artifactual increases over development would be liable to occur if invariance is not appropriately modeled. Overall, results support the utility of the SBQ as an omnibus measure of psychosocial health across adolescence.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Generating bulk-scale ordered optical materials using shear-assembly in viscoelastic media(MDPI, 2017-06-22) Finlayson, CE; Baumberg, JJ; Baumberg, Jeremy [0000-0002-9606-9488]We review recent advances in the generation of photonics materials over large areas and volumes, using the paradigm of shear-induced ordering of composite polymer nanoparticles. The hard-core/soft-shell design of these particles produces quasi-solid “gum-like” media, with a viscoelastic ensemble response to applied shear, in marked contrast to the behavior seen in colloidal and granular systems. Applying an oscillatory shearing method to sub-micron spherical nanoparticles gives elastomeric photonic crystals (or “polymer opals”) with intense tunable structural color. The further engineering of this shear-ordering using a controllable “roll-to-roll” process known as Bending Induced Oscillatory Shear (BIOS), together with the interchangeable nature of the base composite particles, opens potentially transformative possibilities for mass manufacture of nano-ordered materials, including advances in optical materials, photonics, and metamaterials/plasmonics.Item Open Access Published version Peer-reviewed RNAcentral: a comprehensive database of non-coding RNA sequences(Oxford University Press, 2016-10-28) Petrov, AI; Kay, SJE; Kalvari, I; Howe, KL; Gray, KA; Bruford, EA; Kersey, PJ; Cochrane, G; Finn, RD; Bateman, A; Kozomara, A; Griffiths-Jones, S; Frankish, A; Zwieb, CW; Lau, BY; Williams, KP; Chan, PP; Lowe, TM; Cannone, JJ; Gutell, RR; Machnicka, MA; Bujnicki, JM; Yoshihama, M; Kenmochi, N; Chai, B; Cole, JR; Szymanski, M; Karlowski, WM; Wood, V; Huala, E; Berardini, TZ; Zhao, Y; Chen, R; Zhu, W; Paraskevopoulou, MD; Vlachos, IS; Hatzigeorgiou, AG; Ma, L; Zhang, Z; Puetz, J; Stadler, PF; McDonald, D; Basu, S; Fey, P; Engel, SR; Cherry, JM; Volders, PJ; Mestdagh, P; Wower, J; Clark, M; Quek, XC; Dinger, ME; Bruford, Elspeth [0000-0002-8380-5247]; Wood, Valerie [0000-0001-6330-7526]RNAcentral is a database of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences that aggregates data from specialised ncRNA resources and provides a single entry point for accessing ncRNA sequences of all ncRNA types from all organisms. Since its launch in 2014, RNAcentral has integrated twelve new resources, taking the total number of collaborating database to 22, and began importing new types of data, such as modified nucleotides from MODOMICS and PDB. We created new species-specific identifiers that refer to unique RNA sequences within a context of single species. The website has been subject to continuous improvements focusing on text and sequence similarity searches as well as genome browsing functionality. All RNAcentral data is provided for free and is available for browsing, bulk downloads, and programmatic access at http://rnacentral.org/.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Back to the Populist Future?: Nostalgia in Contemporary Ideological Discourse(Taylor & Francis, 2017-07-09) Kenny, MHNostalgia is regularly depicted as an indication of a flawed political argument or allegiance, and framed as a virus more likely to take hold in places that are ‘left behind’. Its prevalence has been linked to the rise of populism in Western politics, the vote for Brexit and the election of Donald Trump. This paper seeks to challenge the normative depiction of nostalgia as an alien presence within ‘normal’ political discourse, and critically evaluates theoretical attempts to distinguish between positive and negative forms of it. Instead, it sets out to explore some of the different affective, sentimental and ideational roles that various kinds of nostalgia practice perform, and highlights the particular importance of forms of political argument that accuse opponents of nostalgia while simultaneously employing some of its prevalent modalities and motifs. The paper finishes by exploring these themes in relation to the career and ideas of the iconoclastic and populist British politician, Enoch Powell.Item Open Access Published version Peer-reviewed Two-part models with stochastic processes for modelling longitudinal semicontinuous data: Computationally efficient inference and modelling the overall marginal mean(SAGE Publications, 2017-05-23) Yiu, S; Tom, BD; Tom, Brian [0000-0002-3335-9322]Several researchers have described two-part models with patient-specific stochastic processes for analysing longitudinal semicontinuous data. In theory, such models can offer greater flexibility than the standard two-part model with patient-specific random effects. However, in practice, the high dimensional integrations involved in the marginal likelihood (i.e. integrated over the stochastic processes) significantly complicates model fitting. Thus, non-standard computationally intensive procedures based on simulating the marginal likelihood have so far only been proposed. In this paper, we describe an efficient method of implementation by demonstrating how the high dimensional integrations involved in the marginal likelihood can be computed efficiently. Specifically, by using a property of the multivariate normal distribution and the standard marginal cumulative distribution function identity, we transform the marginal likelihood so that the high dimensional integrations are contained in the cumulative distribution function of a multivariate normal distribution, which can then be efficiently evaluated. Hence, maximum likelihood estimation can be used to obtain parameter estimates and asymptotic standard errors (from the observed information matrix) of model parameters. We describe our proposed efficient implementation procedure for the standard two-part model parameterisation and when it is of interest to directly model the overall marginal mean. The methodology is applied on a psoriatic arthritis data set concerning functional disability.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed 1D-FALCON: Accelerating Deep Convolutional Neural Network Inference by Co-optimization of Models and Underlying Arithmetic Implementation(Springer, 2017-08) Maji, PP; Mullins, R; Maji, Partha [0000-0002-1919-1228]; Mullins, Robert [0000-0002-8393-2748]Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are at the heart of many new emerging applications, achieve remarkable performance in audio and visual recognition tasks, at the expense of high computational complexity, limiting their deployability. In modern CNNs, convolutional layers mostly consume 90% of the processing time during a forward inference and acceleration of these layers are of great research and commercial interest. In this paper, we examine the effects of co-optimizing internal structures of convolutional layers and underlying implementation of fundamental convolution operation. We demonstrate that a combination of these methods can have a big impact on the overall speed-up of a CNN, achieving a tenfold increase over baseline. We also introduce a new class of fast 1-D convolutions for CNNs using the Toom-Cook algorithm. We show that our proposed scheme is mathematically well grounded, robust, does not require any time-consuming retraining, and still achieves speedups solely from convolutional layers with no loss in baseline accuracy.Item Open Access Published version Peer-reviewed All-optical mode-group multiplexed transmission over a graded-index ring-core fiber with single radial mode(Optical Society of America (OSA), 2017-06-12) Feng, F; Jin, X; O’Brien, D; Payne, F; Jung, Y; Kang, Q; Barua, P; Sahu, JK; Alam, S; Richardson, DJ; Wilkinson, TD; Wilkinson, Timothy [0000-0001-8885-1288]We present a design of graded-index ring-core fiber (GI-RCF) supporting 3 linearly polarized (LP) mode-groups (i.e. LP$_{01}$, LP$_{11}$ and LP$_{21}$) with a single radial index of one for mode-division multiplexed (MDM) transmission. Reconfigurable spatial light modulator (SLM) based spatial (mode) (de)multiplexers are used to systematically characterize spatial/temporal modal properties of the GI-RCF. We also demonstrate all-optical mode-group multiplexed transmissions over a 360m fabricated GI-RCF without using multiple-input multiple-output digital signal processing (MIMO DSP).Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Robust fibre optic sensor arrays for monitoring early-age performance of mass-produced concrete sleepers(SAGE Publications, 2018) Butler, LJ; Xu, J; He, P; Gibbons, N; Dirar, S; Middleton, CR; Elshafie, MZEB; Butler, Liam [0000-0002-4244-5142]; Gibbons, Niamh [0000-0001-5140-4441]; Middleton, Campbell [0000-0002-9672-0680]; Elshafie, Mohammed [0000-0001-9908-5515]This study investigates integrating fibre optic sensing technology into the production process of concrete railway sleepers. Robust fibre Bragg grating strain and temperature sensor arrays were developed specifically for this application and were designed for long-term monitoring of sleeper performance. The sensors were used to monitor sleeper production and to help gain a deeper understanding of their early-age behaviour which can highly influence long-term performance. In total, 12 sleepers were instrumented and strain data were collected during the entire manufacturing process including concrete casting and curing, prestressing strand detensioning and qualification testing. Following the production process, sleepers were stored temporarily and monitored for 4 months until being placed in service. The monitoring results highlight the intrinsic variability in strain development among identical sleepers, despite high levels of production quality control. Using prestress loss as a quality control indicator, the integrated sensing system demonstrated that sleepers were performing within Eurocode-based design limits prior to being placed in service. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was developed to provide additional insight into the sleepers’ early-age behaviour. Based on the fibre Bragg grating–calibrated finite element model, more realistic estimates for the creep coefficient were provided and found to be 48% of the Eurocode-predicted values.Item Open Access Accepted version Peer-reviewed Cool and hot emission in a recurring active region jet(EDP Sciences, 2017) Mulay, SM; Del Zanna, G; Mason, H; Del Zanna, Giulio [0000-0002-4125-0204]; Mason, Helen [0000-0002-6418-7914]Aims. We present a thorough investigation of the cool and hot temperature components in four recurring active region jets observed on July 10, 2015 using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), X-ray Telescope (XRT), and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) instruments. Methods. A Differential Emission Measure (DEM) analysis was performed on areas in the jet spire and footpoint regions by combining the IRIS spectra and the AIA observations. This procedure better constrains the low temperature DEM values by adding IRIS spectral lines. Plasma parameters, such as doppler velocities, electron densities, nonthermal velocities and a filling factor were also derived from the IRIS spectra. Results. In the DEM analysis, significant cool emission was found in the spire and the footpoint regions. The hot emission was peaked at log T [K] = 5.6-5.9 and 6.5 respectively. The DEM curves show the presence of hot plasma (T = 3 MK) in the footpoint region. We confirmed this result by estimating the Fe XVIII emission from the AIA 94 Å channel which was formed at an effective temperature of log T [K] = 6.5. The average XRT temperatures were also found to be in agreement with log T [K] = 6.5. The emission measure (EM) was found to be three orders of magnitude higher in the AIA-IRIS DEM compared with that obtained using only AIA. The O IV (1399/1401 Å) electron densities were found to be close to those obtained by Cheung et al. (2015). Different threads along the spire show different plane-of-sky velocities both in the lower corona and transition region. Doppler velocities of 32 km/s (blueshifted) and 13 km/s (redshifted) were obtained in the spire and footpoint, respectively from the Si IV 1402.77 Å spectral line. Nonthermal velocities of 69 and 53 km/s were recorded in the spire and footpoint region, respectively. We obtained a filling factor of 0.1 in the spire at log T [K] = 5. Conclusions. The recurrent jet observations confirmed the presence of significant cool emission co-spatial with the coronal emission.