High Viral Diversity and Mixed Infections in Cerebral Spinal Fluid From Cases of Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis.
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Authors
Depledge, Daniel P
Kundu, Samit
Atkinson, Claire
Brown, Julianne R
Haque, Tanzina
Houldcroft, Charlotte J
Koay, Evelyn S
McGill, Fiona
Milne, Richard
Whitfield, Tom
Tang, Julian W
Underhill, Gillian
Bergstrom, Tomas
Norberg, Peter
Goldstein, Richard
Solomon, Tom
Breuer, Judith
Publication Date
2018-10-05Journal Title
J Infect Dis
ISSN
0022-1899
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Volume
218
Issue
10
Pages
1592-1601
Language
eng
Type
Article
Physical Medium
Print
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Depledge, D. P., Cudini, J., Kundu, S., Atkinson, C., Brown, J. R., Haque, T., Houldcroft, C. J., et al. (2018). High Viral Diversity and Mixed Infections in Cerebral Spinal Fluid From Cases of Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis.. J Infect Dis, 218 (10), 1592-1601. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy358
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) may cause encephalitis, both with and without rash. Here we investigate whether viruses recovered from the central nervous system (CNS; encephalitis or meningitis) differ genetically from those recovered from non-CNS samples. METHODS: Enrichment-based deep sequencing of 45 VZV genomes from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and vesicles was carried out with samples collected from 34 patients with and without VZV infection of the CNS. RESULTS: Viral sequences from multiple sites in the same patient were identical at the consensus level. Virus from vesicle fluid and CSF in cases of meningitis showed low-level diversity. By contrast, plasma, BAL, and encephalitis had higher numbers of variant alleles. Two CSF-encephalitis samples had high genetic diversity, with variant frequency patterns typical of mixed infections with different clades. CONCLUSIONS: Low viral genetic diversity in vesicle fluid is compatible with previous observations that VZV skin lesions arise from single or low numbers of virions. A similar result was observed in VZV from cases of VZV meningitis, a generally self-limiting infection. CSF from cases of encephalitis had higher diversity with evidence for mixed clade infections in 2 cases. We hypothesize that reactivation from multiple neurons may contribute to the pathogenesis of VZV encephalitis.
Keywords
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Coinfection, Cytoplasmic Vesicles, DNA, Viral, Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster, Genetic Variation, Genome, Viral, Herpesvirus 3, Human, Humans, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Young Adult
Sponsorship
Action Medical research GN2424
This work was supported by a UK MRC New Investigator Award to D. P. D; UCL/UCLH BRC (J. B.); Action Medical Research (grant number GN2424 to C. J. H); Swedish Research Council (P. N. and T. B.). The work was also support by an NIHR Fellowship (grant number DRF-2013-06-168 to F. M.), the Meningitis Research Foundation (grant number 0904.0), an NIHR Programme Grant in Applied Research (grant number RP-PG-0108-10048 to T. S.), and the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool.
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy358
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280047
Rights
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Licence URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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