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Practitioner Review: Therapeutics of unipolar major depressions in adolescents.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Goodyer, Ian M 
Wilkinson, Paul O 

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades new and key randomized controlled trials have reported the efficacy, clinical and cost effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for adolescents with major depression. METHODS: The literature was searched through pubmed, psychinfo, scopus and web of science for randomized controlled trials of current major depression together with meta-analyses and systematic reviews of trials between 2000 and 2017. Those specific to the adolescent years (11-18 years) were taken as the primary source for this narrative review. Additional selected studies in adults were used to illustrate methodological issues. RESULTS: Manualized psychological therapies and the SSRI fluoxetine are more effective than active placebo in the treatment of major depressions. Mild to moderate illnesses attending community-based services are likely to benefit from psychological treatment alone. Moderately to severely ill patients attending clinic and hospital services are likely to benefit from monotherapies or combining psychological and pharmacological treatment. Antidepressants carry a small but significant side-effect risk including increased suicidality. Side effects from psychotherapies are somewhat lower but specific negative consequences remain less well characterized. There is some evidence that CBT-based approaches prevent onset of major depression episode in well adolescents at high-risk. Other psychological interventions have not been adequately studied. There has been only limited identification of treatment moderators and no clear understanding of therapeutic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: There is now a range of clinically effective treatments for depressed adolescents. Future research needs to reveal moderators of and mechanisms for individual differences to treatment response, determine psychotherapies of value for milder depressions, enhance our understanding of safety and side-effects for all treatments, and consider how to reduce and treat treatment-resistant cases.

Description

Keywords

depression, adolescents, antidepressants, psychotherapies

Journal Title

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1469-7610
1469-7610

Volume Title

Publisher

Wiley-Blackwell
Sponsorship
The IMPACT study was funded by an award to IMG from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme (project number 06/05/01). IMG is also supported by a strategic award from the Wellcome Trust to the University of Cambridge and University College London (095844/Z/11/Z).